174 



this is a rather yellowish loam that is almost free from stones, 

 for perhaps nine or 10 inches; and then below that we get 

 the subsoil of clay, which I think will hold water rather 

 longer than the best tin cans I can buy nowadays. 



Our raspberries have all been set as fillers among our ap- 

 ple trees which we have set in the last 25 or 30 years, — 15 or 

 18 acres of apple trees, and have set the raspberries on 10 

 acres. Our trees have been set mainly 40 feet, so we have 

 set four rows of raspberries between the trees, making them 

 eight feet apart. We have set one or two fields in hills four 

 feet apart, but on the whole we have placed the plants in 

 rows eight feet apart. 



We prepare the land as you would for any crop, being 

 careful not to get the land too rich for the first year, and set 

 the plants anywhere from 15 to 20 inches or two feet apart 

 in the row according to the strength of the plant and the 

 richness of the soil. In regard to the time of planting, I do 

 not think you can ever get a raspberry plant out too early 

 in the spring. After planting, the care of the raspberry for 

 the first two or three months is very simple. While there is 

 a question in regard to sod growth among apple trees, I 

 think there is no question about clean cultivation with rasp- 

 berries. We plan to cultivate just as often as we can, and 

 then we try to cultivate once in between. That is, there is 

 no danger of cultivating too much. For the newly set plants 

 we cultivate up to the 1st of August, or perhaps a little later 

 if the ground should be inclined to grow too many weeds. 

 With our bearing plantations, we only cultivate up to the 

 1st of July. 



We never have winter covered the young vines, but we 

 have one more sad rite to perform for the bearing plantation, 

 and that is burying it. I say sad, because I have always been 

 the one to perform the leap frog part of the operation, hold- 

 ing the vines down. 



When we first began to raise berries we had some trou- 

 ble with their winter killing and breaking down with the 

 snow, which is liable to cause quite m good deal of damage. 



