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In 1825 the delicious Catawba was introduced and the noble 

 Concord in 1853. These were the forerunners and parents of 

 nearly all of our best standard varieties today, and rapidly 

 have new seedlings appeared since then, mostly from our na- 

 tive species (Vities Labrusca), (Vitis Aestivalis), Vitis Ri- 

 pana), and (Vitis Rotunifolin) ; while today we have a most 

 excellent race of hybrids from these species, and especially 

 the secondary hybrids seedlings, combining the delicious 

 quality of the Vitis Vinifera with the hardiness, vigor and 

 freedom from disease of our native varieties — a wonderful 

 combination. 



In the culture of the grape many varied systems have 

 evolved, showing a great adaptation and variation to the lo- 

 cality, thus proving the grape to be the most versatile of all 

 fruits. The site selected for the large commercial vineyard 

 should be one of an open exposure to the sun and sufficient 

 slope of land to provide good air as well as water drainage. 

 Select a warm, light porous soil. Avoid a cold, wet, heavy, 

 clay land, for the grape is a "child of the sun." It loves 

 warmth and sweet, pure air drainage. 



A vineyard in close proximity to a large body of water 

 has an ideal location as the tempering influence of water 

 upon climate is shown in the healthy foliage and superb clus- 

 ters of fruit. Should the subsoil be hard, it should be treated 

 with dynamite. We always use one quarter stick of 20 per 

 cent to each hole before setting the vines, putting the dyna- 

 mite two and one half to three feet deep, thus loosening the 

 hard, cold subsoil for many feet around, underneath the 

 plant, which always shows a marked effect in rampant, heal- 

 thy foliage and extra quality of fruit. Thorough prepara- 

 tion of the soil shows by results that will justify expendi- 

 ture. 



FERTILIZERS 



This is of the greatest importance to successful culture 

 Many years of careful experimenting with different kinds 

 has proved to us the great value of ground bone and sul- 

 phate of potash with phosphate to balance —3, 2, 1. using 



