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fruit of this year is borne only on the shoots developed 

 from the buds of last year. Never leave weak shoots as the 

 crop of fruit is developed only from the strongest buds. The 

 fruit crop should be from a five year old vineyard, about 15 

 pounds, while 25 pounds per vine is a heavy crop, — or 25 to 

 50 bunches, a vine, so leave 15 to 25 strong buds to each vine 

 and each of these should carry two or three good bunches. 

 Thus, 680 vines producing 20 pounds each, equals 13,600 

 pounds or 6 4-5 tons per acre. It is a waste of energy to leave 

 too much bearing wood. One third to two thirds of all an- 

 nual growth should be removed in November as the object 

 in pruning is to get the greatest amount of bearing wood in 

 the smallest possible space. This means there must be a 

 method of renewal of new canes from near base of vines as 

 needed or yearly. This is the "renewal" system while the 

 "spur" system renews only parts of the vine annually. In 

 the renewal system there are the single arm and the double 

 arm or "fan" system. The single arm gives the choicest 

 fruit, while the double arm renewal gives the largest qualitv. 

 Now these two systems of pruning apply to the "vertical 

 trellis" while the best and most popular is that system 

 known as the "horizontal" or "canopy" system. 



To build : set single row posts 7 ft. long 3 ft. deep, 8 ft. 

 apart, across top of each spike a 2x4 joist, 2 1-2 ft. long, 

 staple three No. 10 wires, center and ends, upper side of cross 

 arms. Run vines to center wire, nip back and form two 

 branches, these tied in each direction on center wire. Cut 

 to four feet each, the side shoots from the bearing canes. 

 Use the "spur" system in pruning. This ideal trellis is the 

 best, simplest to spray, easiest to cultivate and the very best 

 for our Northern zone of grape culture. This system is cheap, 

 does away with summer tying and the drooping vines ; shades 

 and protects trunks and roots. It also gives free air circula- 

 tion under trellis. Gives the best crops and highest quality 

 of fruit. The art of raising grapes consists in converting 

 superfluous foliage into superior fruit. So the practical prob- 



