treatment for scale insects, and with a single spraying opera- 

 tion to bring all of them under satisfactory control. 



The treatment for controlling the scales and plant lice 

 should be made between the time that the development of the 

 buds show silvery and the time that the small leaves stick 

 out from them like squirrels' ears. This description refers to 

 the fruit buds and not to ordinary leaf buds. In the studies 

 at the New Jersey Agricultural Experiment Station it has been 

 shown repeatedly that not all lice have hatched by the time 

 this stage has arrived, but it has also been shown that the eggs 

 which are still unhatched have split their outer covers and have 

 become very susceptible to destruction by spraying mixtures. 



When the number of aphis eggs is extremely large, such as is 

 the case this year (1919) in New Jersey, so many of the eggs 

 may be tucked in under the buds out of reach of the spray 

 that a considerable number of aphids may appear after this 

 treatment has been completed. The orchardist should keep a 

 close watch. If this happens he should immediately re-treat 

 his orchard with a mixture of 40 per cent nicotine, water and 

 soap, using 1 part of the nicotine to 500 parts of water (three- 

 fourths of a pint to 50 gallons), and adding soap (whale oil or 

 laundry) at the rate of 2 pounds when water is soft, or 3 to 5 

 pounds when water is hard, to each 50 gallons. 



Standard liquid lime-sulphur concentrate (testing 32** 

 Beaume) combined with water at the rate of 1 gallon to 8 or 9 

 gallons of water, plus 40 per cent nicotine at the rate of 1 part 

 of the nicotine to 500 parts of the lime-sulphur and water, all 

 things considered, has proven the most satisfactory mixture. 



The writer realizes that there are on the market to-day a 

 number of substitutes for the standard liquid lime-sulphur con- 

 centrate, such as dry lime-sulphur, soluble sulphur (sodium 

 sulphur), B. T. S. (barium sulphur), etc., but, assuming that 

 the efficiency of these substitutes is measured by their total 

 sulphur content, believes that any one of them will cost at 

 least twice as much as the standard liquid lime-sulphur con- 

 centrate, and will be no more efficient. It should be recognized 

 that up to date none of them have had anything like the test 

 which has been accorded to the standard liquid lime-sulphur' 

 concentrate. ^ 



