Before discussing these two types of market, I will briefly 

 describe the method of handling the fruit from its arrival in the 

 packing house until it is ready for shipment. The fruit is 

 brought in the left-hand door of the packing house and is piled 

 beside the grader, which is directly opposite this door. The 

 type of grader used is the Pease Perfect grader, which will 

 separate the fruit into four sizes. The grader should really be 

 called a sizer, as no machine can separate perfect fruit from 

 imperfect. The smaller apples fall into a tin shoot under which 

 a box is placed. The rest of the fruit drops into three trays, 

 according to the size of the apple. From these trays it is taken 

 out by hand and put into boxes, the well-colored, perfect and 

 nearly perfect apples being separated from the imperfect or 

 badly blemished apples. By this method the fruit is divided 

 into four sizes, all but the smaller size being graded. The 

 three graded sizes are brought across the packing room and put 

 on the packing bench, each size being stacked separately. The 

 smallest grade is taken to a sorting table and divided by hand 

 into two sizes, the poor apples being thrown out. The imper- 

 fect apples from the three trays are also brought to the sorting 

 table and all very bad apples, such as (1) badly mishapen, 

 (2) wormy or partially rotten, are thrown out. On this table 

 the boxes have risers, so that they can be filled full of apples. 

 When the boxes are filled, they are slatted and stenciled and 

 piled up near the right-hand or shipping door, ready for ship- 

 ment. 



In grading the apples by machine the work is done by three 

 men. One turns the machine and keeps it supplied with apples, 

 while the other two men do the actual hand grading. On an 

 average, 20 boxes are run through the grader in an hour. As 

 each man is paid 50 cents per hour, the cost of grading by 

 machine is found to be 7f cents per bushel. 



The three best grades when sold on commission in Boston 

 are packed in layers in the bushel box, great care being taken 

 that the bottom layer is as good as the top. The fruit sold in 

 this way is all put in the Boston market gardener's box, and as 

 it is all sent to market by automobiles, it is sent as an open 

 package. One man does the entire packing. He averages six 

 boxes an hour, and as he is paid 50 cents per hour the cost of 



