134 STATE POMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 



INSECTICIDES AND FUNGICIDES. 

 So seriously are our fruits affected by insects and fungi that from 

 all parts of the State there comes frequent calls for reliable informa- 

 tion. Mr. A. E. Andrews writes, "What shall we do with our 

 orchards? The percentage of No. 1 fruit is small in comparison 

 with what it was a few years since, and in quality even, these are 

 inferior to the standard of former years." Although much of the 

 present knowledge of the various remedies for insects and fungi has 

 been published in former volumes of our Transactions, the impor- 

 tance of the subject warrants giving space to the following resume 

 of a paper delivered before the Massachusetts Horticultural Society 

 by Prof. S. T. Maynard, of the Massachusetts Agricultural College : 

 Bordeaux Mixture — Six pounds of sulphate of copper are dissolved 

 in two gallons of hot water, and four pounds of fresh lime are slaked 

 in water enough to make a thin lime-wash. When both are cooled, 

 pour together, mixing thoroughly and dilute to twenty-two gallons.. 

 Strain before using. 



Ammoniacal Carbonate of Copper — Three ounces of precipitated 

 carbonate of copper are dissolved in one quart of ammonia, strength 

 22° Baume. Dilute witk twenty-two gallons of water. 



Eau Celeste — One pound of sulphate of copper dissolved in twenty- 

 five gallons of water. 



Modified Eau Celeste — Two pounds sulphate of copper, two and 

 one-half pounds carbornate of soda and one and one-half pints of 

 ammonia (22° Baume). Dilute with twenty-two gallons of water.. 

 Kerosene Emulsion — One pound common soap dissolved in hot 

 water ; one gallon kerosene. Stir or churn together until a smooth,, 

 butter-like substance is formed. Dilute with twenty- five to fifty 

 parts of water. 



Kerosene Paste — Mix kerosene with any fine dry material or pig- 

 ment, forming a thin paste or thick paint. Apply with a small 

 brush. 



Insecticides. In the discussion of insecticides I have mentioned 

 only Paris green among the arsenites, from the fact that reports from 

 all sources agree that it is less injurious then London purple, and 

 that white arsenic is too dangerous a material to have about where 

 it might easily be mistaken for many harmless substances of a similar 

 color. 



