STATE POMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 135 



Spraying Pumps. Many forms of pumps are now to be found in 

 our markets adapted for the application of the fungicides and insecti- 

 cides. Of those most in use perhaps the best known are the '^Field's 

 Perfection," made by the Field Pump Company, Lockport, N. Y., 

 the Gould pump made at Seneca Falls, and the Mixon, made at 

 Dayton, O., all of which can be attached to casks and placed on a 

 stone boat or wagon. 



The knapsack pumps, which are serviceable for small garden plots 

 and small vineyards, would be more useful if some means were pro- 

 vided for filling them without removing them from the back every 

 time. The Excelsior Knapsack Pump, made by William Stahl of 

 Qaincy, 111., is made after a design, I understand, that was sent out 

 from the Agricultural Department last spring. 



The French use such pumps very largely, but Americans will 

 make little use of them where much work is to be done, when the 

 horse can be made to draw the liquid for them. 



Nozzles. A nozzle to distribute such liquids as the Bordeaux 

 mixture must have an adjustable opening at the end. Among those 

 to be found in our market are the "Perfection," the "Nixon," the 

 **Cyclone," the "Vermorel," and many others. Professor L. H. 

 Bailey of Cornell University has contrived a clamp, which is attached 

 to the end of a common rubber hose, by the pressure of which the 

 size of the opening is quickly adjusted. Whatever the nozzle used, 

 it must be attached to a long pole to distribute the liquid most 

 evenly at the top of high trees. 



Many interesting facts have been brought out in the work of the 

 many experiment stations of the country, the most important of 

 which are mentioned here. 



It seems pretty well settled that of the arsenites, Paris green 

 gives the best results as an insecticide. 



That the longer the mixture containing the arsenites stands the 

 greater the injury from soluble arsenic. 



That the foliage of the peach, plum and cherry is more susceptible 

 to injury than that of the apple and pear. 



That the injury varies with the varieties, some being more suscep- 

 tible than others. 



That young leaves are less injured than those fully developed, 

 and are more injured on weak trees than on those that are vigorous 

 and healthy. 



That Paris green cannot be used alone with safety stronger than 

 one pound to three hundred gallons of water, but with the lime mix- 



