STATE POMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 57 



tree to ripen its wood and buds, making it in good condition to 

 get through the next winter's process. 



The farmers use a sort of sled, Hke a flat bottomed boat, that 

 is hauled by a pair of horses. I have seen a great deal of injury 

 done by manuring with green crops late in the spring, the latter 

 part of May. Supposing June and July is dry and it comes ofif 

 wet towards August and September with the half rotted manure 

 the soil gets up a strong fermentation, and creates a secondary 

 growth in the late season, and the action of the frost on that 

 unprotected fruit is one of the most destructive things that we 

 have to contend with, and that is why we so vigorously ask that 

 all cultivation be made so that the trees shall ripen as early as 

 possible in midsummer. We can't control nature always, but 

 we can do a great deal towards it. 



Somebody was speaking to-day about growing Baldwin trees, 

 that it was almost impossible to grow Baldwin trees on its own 

 roots. I think that depends altogether upon a system of prun- 

 ing. When the Baldwin tree is taken from the nursery and set 

 into the orchard, and you cut off all but one leading branch, and 

 you make all the other branches subordinate to it for the first five 

 years, then you will not be troubled with splitting limbs. If 

 you allow four or five, it is only a question of time when the 

 limbs will split. The Baldwin isn't the only tree that will do 

 that but the Gravenstein will also. You have got to watch all 

 3'our trees in pruning. I have seen a Baldwin tree that came 

 from a nursery with a very handsome top on it pruned to a whip 

 stock, and some men would have thought that tree was ruined, 

 but that tree would make the best one in the orchard. 



For spraying we allow four pounds of Paris green to forty 

 gallons. We insist upon using it weaker than that if it is to be 

 used very often. 



In carting from the fruit house many persons will load them 

 on to an ordinary hay wagon. Many of our farmers haven't got 

 spring wagons, but they find what does very well instead of 

 springs, and that is a foot or two of hay in the bottom of the 

 wagon. 



O. You let them remain how long in the barrels before you 

 ship them? 



That depends altogether on the demand. We sometimes can 

 onlv let them remain a few days, but we calculate to let them 



