58 STATE POMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 



remain two or three days before they are shipped, but sometimes 

 I have known them to only stand over night. An order may 

 come in sooner than you expect, and a man may have to put up 

 fifty or 100 barrels of apples to go on board the cars, and to 

 have perhaps not over forty-eight hours to do it in, and in that 

 case we have to put more pressure on the screw in putting the 

 head in. We can always allow something on the time in which 

 the apples have settled. 



If we are putting up a barrel of Gravenstein out of apples 

 that have had no time to settle, we will put a cushioned head on. 

 The barrel is shaken down well and you put a screw on the 

 top of it, and calculate to settle it down an inch with the screw. 

 If they have stood four or five days, three-fourths of an inch. 



Q. If apples are put into a cool cellar do you leave them in 

 a barrel ? 



A. All apples that are shipped before the holiday season we 

 calculate to put right into the barrel in the orchard and never 

 disturb them. To be sure that they will be sound, every apple 

 is picked up off from the ground before we do anything else. 

 If any apple has laid on the ground for any length of time, it 

 isn't safe to ship across the Atlantis. If it has only laid over 

 five hours, on ordinary soil that apple is injured during that 

 time, it will turn brown and rot will commence there very much 

 quicker than anywhere else. 



Year before last there were a great many Stark apples, we 

 had an enormous crop as you did, and farmers were crowded 

 off their feet to take care of them, and they didn't use the care 

 and skill in packing that they should have done. 



O. The later varieties that you put into your cellars, do you 

 put them into bins ? 



A. We used to put them into a bin and pick them out, but 

 lately we pick most of them into the barrels and pack them 

 away. If we do put them in a bin and they have stayed some 

 time, they are put on a packing table and picked over. 



A man can do a great deal better on a table than to have them 

 poured out into a bin. 



Q. How do you grade your apples? 



A. The most particular men are those who grade for color 

 as well as for size, and by keeping them in barrels you can grade 



