STATE POMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 79 



In spraying, begin at the top of the tree and work downward 

 and when there is a wind, work from the windward side. Spray 

 until the leaves commence to drip and then move the nozzle. 

 The most costly mistake one can make in spraying is to throw 

 large quantities of solution on the foliage and allow perhaps 

 seventv or eighty per cent of it to run off. Thoroughness is 

 especially profitable in spraying and, so far as possible, both 

 upper and under sides of the leaves should be treated. Another 

 matter of prime importance is that the spraying mixture should 

 be kept well stirred. 



Having described a spraying outfit suitable for the general 

 farmer and fruit grower, let us consider the matter from the 

 standpoint of the large orchardist or park official having large 

 numbers of trees to be sprayed. In this case, it would be eco- 

 nomical to have a larger tank, a more powerful pump and more 

 hose. The tank should be of at least lOO gallons capacity and 

 the pump capable of supplying two lines of hose, each lOO feet 

 long. In very extensive spraying operations, a steam spraying 

 outfit may prove in the end the most economical. In any case, 

 the spraying poles and nozzles recommended for use with the 

 smaller tank are just as serviceable here. Many orchardists use 

 a molasses hogshead of 150 gallons capacity and a double-act- 

 ing "Douglas" pump. Unfortunately the majority of the pumps 

 now on the market, suitable for two lines of hose, require two 

 men to operate them most efifectively. Referring again to our 

 experience in ^lassachusetts, we have found it necessary to have 

 made pumps of a special pattern, requiring but one man each to 

 furnish power. With our outfits as described and using large 

 quantities of arsenate of lead, we have been able to spray old 

 first growth oaks and elms at an average total expense of forty- 

 nine cents each and ordinary forest trees at fifteen to eighteen 

 cents each. Orchard trees may be sprayed at a much less cost, 

 since the greater part of the spraying can be done from the 

 ground. Having now discussed insecticides and the means of 

 applying them, let us consider the treatment of the common 

 insect pests of the fruit farm. 



