40 EVOLUTION OF BRITISH CATTLE 



and, if only a few were carried, their colours would 

 soon have been swamped by the dominant black 

 of the natives. 



The cattle in the rest of the English part of 

 England were brought over by the invaders from 

 Western Germany. To prove this statement we 

 must show that the cattle in the south were 

 different from those in the rest of England in 

 Anglo-Saxon times, and also, if possible, that 

 others of their kind had been left behind them in 

 Germany. One fact must be borne in mind, 

 namely, that, from the final settling down of the 

 English till the junction of the seventeenth and 

 eighteenth centuries there was very little move- 

 ment of cattle or other live stock, with the 

 exception of horses. We may therefore assume 

 that, if a race of cattle is found occupying any 

 particular part of the country about the end of 

 the seventeenth or early in the eighteenth 

 century, it had occupied that same part for nearly 

 a thousand years. 



It is unfortunate that, although much has been 

 written of the history of British cattle since the 

 middle of the eighteenth century, the period 

 immediately before that is almost without a 

 record. We must therefore, to some extent, fill 

 in this period by reference to what came after. 

 Since the first half of the eighteenth century 

 there have been no more striking phenomena 

 than the advent and progress of two great breeds. 



