THE ANGLO-SAXONS 43 



this band was not only continuous a century ago 

 (with one exception), but it was also broader, that 

 is, reaching farther inland. Hale and Markham 

 indicate that it was still broader in their day. 

 Youatt and the writers of the Southern 

 Agricultural Surveys refer again and again to 

 the southern march of the Longhorns and the 

 expulsion of the cattle that were there before 

 them. From these considerations we may say, 

 without doubt, that the red race of cattle, whose 

 representatives to-day are the Lincolns, the 

 Norfolks and Suffolks, the Sussex, the Devons, 

 and the Herefords, were in possession of the 

 southern half of England till towards the close of 

 the eighteenth century. If still further evidence 

 were required, a very interesting statement of 

 Leonard Mascal's might be quoted : '* Also for 

 Oxen to labour, the blacke Oxe and the redde 

 Oxe are best, and the browne or greezled Oxe 

 nexte : the white one is worst of all colours." ^ 

 Among cows, " The browne colour mixt with 

 white spots is good, with the redde and the 

 blacke." ^ Remembering that cattle were still 

 valued for draught rather than for milk or beef, 

 we cannot imagine that farmers would be ready 

 to set aside their red or their black cattle for either 

 the red-and-white or the white. 



We have thus shown the cattle of the south 

 of England to have been red down to the 

 » " Booke of Cattell," 1591. 



