86 EVOLUTION OF BRITISH CATTLE 



where the Celtic, the Roman, the Anglo-Saxon, 

 and the Dutch races met. The Roman and 

 the Anglo-Saxon races were white and red 

 respectively. There remain only the Dutch and 

 the Celtic. But the authorities we have quoted 

 are all so emphatic that the cattle imported from 

 the Low Countries were red and white, pied, not 

 brindled, that the Dutch must also be absolved. 

 There is but one weak spot in their defence, and 

 that is a small one. The Low Countries, and 

 some parts of France — say Normandy — were 

 neither so far apart nor so definitely separated 

 in an Englishman's mind, but that some of the 

 cattle imported as from the Low Countries may 

 have come from France. In this connection the 

 "lyery" fleshed cattle referred to by George 

 Culley must not be forgotten. 



But, if the defence of the Dutch cannot be 

 penetrated, then the blame lies with the Celtic 

 cattle, and the Longhorns acquired their brindled 

 colour from the blackish-brown cattle that were 

 hiding, as it were, among the Celtic black ones. 

 That being so, how long had this hiding con- 

 tinued? The answer to this question is the 

 answer to the further question : which of these 

 two races, the real black or the pseudo-black, 

 arrived first in Britain? To that we can as yet 

 give no answer. We can only suggest, since 

 the pure black cattle in Britain were far more 

 numerous than the brownish-black, since brownish- 



