io8 EVOLUTION OF BRITISH CATTLE 



which had begun in the south and which had 

 acquired such vigour after Tull and Townshend 

 discovered how to grow turnips about 1730, crept 

 northwards, an outlet was made for the Shorthorns 

 which they quickly made use of. Before the end 

 of the eighteenth century they and their crosses 

 were masters of the east of England and the 

 eastern lowlands of Scotland from Lincolnshire 

 to the Forth. And not only so, but some of 

 them had already penetrated into Fifeshire to 

 improve the cattle of that country, while from 

 others which had found their way westwards 

 across the mountains the modern Ayrshires were 

 ere long to emerge. In the last quarter of 

 the eighteenth century the great struggle for 

 the possession of Ireland, in which the Long- 

 horns were eventually to be driven from the 

 field, was begun by the importation of Short- 

 horns from Holderness and Teeswater. Arthur 

 Young (1776-78) reports having seen at least 

 two lots of those first imported to Ireland at 

 Armagh in the north and Doneraile in the 

 south. 



The West Country Dutch Shorthorn Cattle — 

 the Herefords — had to wait many years till they 

 found an outlet for their surplus population. 

 They extended their original territory westwards ; 

 towards the end of the eighteenth century they 

 made a descent upon Ireland, in the midland 

 counties of which they have retained their hold 



