330 



AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL 



May 24, 1900. 



shed their veils. Now close up the hive for an hour. Take 

 the cage with the queen and 40 or SO bees, and notice them 

 carefully ; and if the oldei bees should attack her, smoke 

 them : but they would hardly do that. In a few minutes 

 you will find the oldest bees caressing- the queen, having 

 accepted her in the cage. Now give them to the colony to 

 eat out the candy and liberate the queen ; and if the work 

 was properly done, the queen is perfectly safe. It seems 

 that the damp feet and wings of the very young bees in 

 crawling- over the queen cause the older bees to accept her 

 in the cage ; and once they commence to caress her in the 

 cage she is safe. I introduce virgin queens in this way 

 without diificulty." 



Bees on Shares in California. — J. H. Martin says in 

 Gleanings in Bee-Culture : 



" So far as my observation and experience go in this 

 State, the owner of bees does not allow the party of the 

 second part to have anj' of the increase. The plan usually 

 followed, and one that seems to be the most satisfactory to 

 all concerned, is for the owner to furnish the bees, hives 

 for increase, and receptacles for his share of the honey. 

 The party of the second part has half of the honey and wax ; 

 provides receptacles for his portion of the honey, and leaves 

 enough honey in the hives at the close of the season for the 

 sustenance of the bees. As both parties are after the most 

 profit possible in the amount of honey, it is for the interest 

 of both to prevent swarming as far as possible ; and where 

 the extractor is used the swarms are few. The equal divi- 

 sion of the products is easily accomplisht, and there is sel- 

 dom disagreement." 



The Four Classes of Soiled Sections — Dr. Miller has 

 alreadj' spoken of the confusion that seems to exist over 

 the question of travel-stained, soiled, yellow, greasy or 

 water-soakt sections. All of these terms have often been 

 confounded for one and the same thing. There are really 

 4 classes of discolored sections, each due to a distinct and 

 separate cause. First, there is what is called the real 

 travel-stained section. As its name indicates, the cappings 

 are soiled because the bees have gone over the surfaces of 

 the cappings with their dirty feet. 



CZD Then there is another lot that are stained because the 

 boxes are capt over in the vicinity of old comb, dirt or prop- 

 olis. If the faces of such sections are examined carefully 

 it will be found that the stain or discoloration goes clear 

 thru. These discolorations are due to the fact that the bees 

 take up pieces of old black wax, propolis, or anything that 

 will answer as a substitute or filler for pure wax. I have 

 seen the cappings of some sections of this sort filled with 

 bits of old rope, lint from newspapers, small hard chunks 

 of propolis, fine slivers of wood — anything and everything 



that is right handy. Sections of this class often look like 

 those of the first class, hence the frequent confusion. 



In the third class are those with soiled cappings, due to 

 pollen dust or possibly a thin layer of propolis stain. All 

 such may be bleacht white, but the other two are hopelesslj' 

 beyond remedy. All white honey with yellow cappings is 

 apt to be in the third class. 



The fourth and last class takes in all those that are 

 called "greasy" or " water-soakt," having cappings that 

 lie on the honey. The covering to each cell is more or less 

 transparent, or water-soakt — the transparent part being 

 half-moon shaped, or in the form of a ring encircling a white 

 nucleus center that is not greasy or transparent. The gen- 

 eral surface of such sections is mottled with little trans- 

 parent half-moons or circles over many of the cells. 



If the reader will look over the unsold odds and ends of 

 the grocer's he will be able to find samples of all these 

 classes, and it is a good time of the year to find them, as 

 they are the last to sell. — Editorial in Gleanings in Bee- 

 Culture. 



To Get Candied Honey Out of Combs, Mrs. J. M. 

 McLean gives the following in Gleanings in Bee-Culture : 



"I uncapt some, and then filling a large tub with cold 

 water, in which I put about a quart of vinegar, I filled it 

 with combs, put a weight on to hold them down, and left 

 them 24 hours, when they came out as clean as ever — no 

 honey, no pollen. They were a little sticky, but I hung 

 them in some empty hives, and the bees soon cleaned them 

 up. I used the one tub of water for all the combs. I cleaned 

 about 150, and then put the honey and water into the vine- 

 gar-barrel." 



Management of Swarms to Prevent Increase. — Ques- 

 tion : What is the best method of handling swarms so as 

 not to increase the number of colonies ? 



Mr. Hall — In 1883 we took 25,000 pounds of comb honey 

 on that principle. We had more swarms that year than 

 ever we had. In one apiary we had 80 colonies, and we in- 

 creast to 84 ; in another, 120 colonies and increast to 128. 

 We had an abundance of swarms ; we hived every swarm on 

 half combs and half foundation, full sheets of foundation, 

 (4 sheets to the pound,) placing the old colonies alongside 

 the new swarms ; 6 or 7 days after we shook all the young 

 bees that had hatcht in that time into or in front of the 

 swarm, making it very strong, and took the brood away 

 and hived a swarm on it. There were no eggs and little or 

 no uncapt larv;e. Every swarm of bees we put upon those 

 combs staid and went right to work, we carried that out 

 thruout the season. We started with 200 colonies of bees 

 and we finisht with 212, and we took 25,000 pounds of honey. 

 — Canadian Bee Journal. 



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