208 THE JACKALS. 



prophets. Though it is thus overlooked, or con- 

 founded with the T)eeb (the wolf) in the Hebrew 

 and ancient Arabic — in the modern dialects of 

 these tongues, the pracrits of India, and other 

 languages from Morocco to the Burhampootra, 

 there are at least forty names applicable to it.* 

 The religious and military conquests of the Arabs 

 have carried these animals into European Turkey, 

 and to the north, in Asia, among the steppes of 

 Southern Russia and the wilds of Tartary : similar 

 movements may have extended it westwards, for 

 Jackals are found in some islands of the Adriatic, 

 Greece, Morpcco, Nigritia, and southward in Abys- 

 sinia and Caffraria. But whether the common 

 Jackal of Java, and the races of Borneo and 

 Sumatra, are of the same species as the continental, 



* The following list may serve as a sample of these names, 

 and the meaning several convey of King or chief bawler. — 

 Chakal, Tschakkal, Chatal, in Barbary ; Chikal, in Tm-kish ; 

 Schekal, in Pers. ; Tschagal; in Kerguise ; Tschober, in Kal- 

 muc ; Tschubbolka, in Tartaric. Waoui, or Waui ; ben awi 

 and alsoboo of the Bedouins denoting howler, children of howl- 

 ing ; Phial of Indostan, imitative of its cry. Phinkar, Hindos- 

 tanee, the wamer. Jaqueparil, in Bengal, or howler-dog. 

 Alshali, Adeditach, Akabo, Alkabo, Alzaba, Aziba, Karabo, 

 Syrian, and other dialectical variations, in which, however, the 

 Thous is intermixed. Quoilah in Bombay ; Nari in Malabar ; 

 Grola in Indee ; Kadlu Nari in Tamuli. We omit the numer- • 

 ous Arabic epithets with the prefix ahu^ such as Abu Zoboo, 

 &c. If the word D'»*]"|K, ochim^ or achim^ in Isaiah, xiii. 21, 

 could be taken as a mutation of awm, t3«''^"]M, it might indicate 

 the Jackal, but Boehart and Ehrenberg evidently strain the 

 argument. 



