CONTENTS 



CHAPTER I 



THB CONQUEST OP THE ZONES 



Geographical knowledge of the ancient Egyptians, p. 5 — The 

 mariner's compass, p. 7 — Reference to the thirty-two points of 

 the compass by Chaucer, p. 9 — Halley's observations on the 

 changes in the direction of the compass in a century, p. 10 — 

 Deviation of the compass, p. 11 — The voyage of the Carnegie, the 

 non-magnetic ship, p. 12 — The "dip of the needle" first observed 

 by Robert Norman, p. 13 — The modem compass invented by 

 Lord Kelvin, p. 14 — Sailing by dead reckoning, p. 14 — The inven- 

 tion of the "log," p. 15 — The modem log, p. 17 — The development 

 of the sextant, p. 18 — The astrolabe, p. 19 — The quadrant invented 

 by Hadley, p. 20 — The perfected sextant, p. 21 — Perfecting the 

 chronometer, p. 23 — The timepieces invented by the British 

 carpenter, John Harrison, p. 25 — The prize won by Harrison, p. 

 27 — Finding time without a chronometer, p. 28 — The Nautical 

 Almanac, p. 30 — Ascertaining the ship's longitude, p. 31 — Diffi- 

 culties of "taking the sun" at noon, p. 33 — Measuring a degree of 

 latitude, p. 34 — The observations of Robert Norman, p. 35 — 

 The function of the Nautical Almanac, p. 37 — Soundings and 

 charts, p. 41 — Mercator's projection, p. 44 — The lure of the un- 

 known, p. 45 — The quest of the Pole, p. 47 — Commander Peary's 

 achievement, p. 49 — How observations are made in arctic regions, 

 p. 50 — Making observations at the Pole, p. 52 — Difficulties as to 

 direction at the Pole, p. 54. 



CHAPTER II 



THB HIGHWAY OF THB WATERS 



Use of sails in ancient times, p. 56 — Ships with many banks of 

 oars, p. 57 — Mediaeval ships, p. 59 — Modem sailing ships, p. 60 — 

 The sailing record of The Sovereign of the Seas, p. 60 — Early 

 attempts to invent a steamboat, p. 63 — Robert Fulton's Clermont, 

 p. 64 — The steamboat of Blasco de Gary, p. 66 — The Charlotte 

 Dundas, p. 67 — The steamboat invented by Col. John Stevens, 



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