312 PLANTS AND MAN 



slabs, edgings, and defective lumber into smaller articles, such as 

 boxes, crates, tool handles, and toys; and the utilizing of sawdust 

 and shavings, as fuel, insulating materials, and for conversion into 

 pulp for paper and fiber boards. 



Popular prejudice to fungus-stained or wormy lumber is being 

 overcome, and in instances where the strength or usability of such 

 materials is not impaired they may be used as panelling, par- 

 ticularly in club, office, and dining rooms. The decorative effects 

 of such materials are highly desirable. 



Most forest products are derived from the woody trunks 

 of trees, which require felling, cross cutting, and perhaps further 

 conversion in the woods. Other products such as rubber, turpen- 

 tine and rosin, and maple sugar come from the sap or growing 

 parts of the tree and are taken continuously over a period of 

 years from the standing trees. 



For purposes of discussion, forest products are here classified 

 into five main subdivisions as follows: 



7. Construction materials such as lumber, cross ties, posts, 

 poles, and piling. 



2. Chemical derivatives such as naval stores, rubber, dyes, 

 tannins, maple sugar, pulp, and distillation products. With the 

 exception of the last two named products, this group is reserved 

 for discussion in Chapters 21, 22, and 23. 



3. Containers such as slack and tight cooperage, crates, 

 boxes, veneers, and baskets. 



4. Furniture. 



5. Miscellaneous products such as fuelwood, excelsior, cork, 

 toys, novelties, etc. 



7. Construction Materials 



Lumber. — Of the country's total timber cut about 51% is 

 used for lumber. Hardwoods make up about one-fifth of this 

 amount, with softwoods contributing the remainder. Practically 

 every tree species mentioned in the two preceding chapters 

 finds its way, in some form, to the nations lumber markets 

 (figs. 224, 225). About three-fourths of all lumber is used for 

 general construction, building purposes, and millwork such as 



