466 PLANTS AND MAN 



Pacific coast a related species with creamy white flowers is known 



as ELK GRASS OF FIRE LILY. 



A companion of skunk cabbage in eastern swamplands is 

 Indian poke or false hellebore, a coarsely growing plant with 

 pleated leaves and large terminal clusters of small yellowish 

 green flowers. Western false hellebore or corn lily is a 

 related species growing in wet meadows in our far western states. 



Bellwort, a frail member of the family, bears inconspicuous 

 drooping flowers which are bell-shaped and yellow; it prefers the 

 rich woods of our eastern and plains states (fig. 283). Dog's- 

 tooth VIOLET or adder's tongue is also a familiar eastern flower, 

 often found in company with hepatica. The several basal leaves 

 are marked with brownish spots, and above them nod light 

 yellow flowers with recurved segments. On the Pacific coast there 

 is a related species with yellowish white flowers, known as fawn 



LILY. 



Solomon's seal has pendant greenish bell-shaped flowers, 

 occurring in pairs in the axils of the leaves; it is found on rocky 

 hillsides throughout the eastern and central states (fig. 293). 

 False Solomon's seal or false spikenard is a stouter plant with 

 a zigzag stem bearing a terminal bushy cluster of small white 

 flowers; it is found in moist habitats throughout the eastern 

 United States. Two-leaved Solomon's seal or Canada may- 

 flower is one of the smallest members of the Lily Family; small 

 white flowers, each made up of four segments, are borne in a 

 terminal cluster on a short zigzag stem. It prefers moist wood- 

 lands of our northeastern states. Twisted stalk is characterized 

 by forking stems which bear greenish white or rose colored bell- 

 shaped flowers in the axils of the leaves; several species occur in 

 our northern states. 



Dogberry or Clintonia can be identified by its large oval 

 basal leaves, and erect flowering stalk terminated by several 

 drooping flowers each with six narrow segments; the species 

 found in northeastern United States has yellow flowers while 

 one of the southern Appalachians (known as the speckled wood 

 lily) has white flowers spotted with green or purple. Indian 

 cucumber root, found in the same region as the dogberry, has 

 two whorls of leaves, the uppermost one immediately beneath 



