502 PLANTS AND MAN 



Spore. — A specialized asexual reproductive cell. 



Sporophyte. — The plant generation reproducing asexually by spores. 



Stamen. — The part of a flower producing the pollen. 



Staminate. — The male flower cluster or male parts of the flowers, con- 

 taining stamens. 



Starch. — A complex carbohydrate, the most common form of storage 

 food in plants. 



Stomate. — Minute opening in the epidermis of leaves, permitting ex- 

 change of gases. 



Sucrose. — A more complex sugar than glucose, commonly known as 

 cane sugar or beet sugar. 



Sympetalous. — Having the petals united or fused with each other; ex- 

 ample, morning glory or honeysuckle. 



Tannin. — An astringent substance which forms an insoluble compound 



with proteins. 

 Terrestrial. — Living on land. 

 Thallophyte. — General term applied to all the thallus phyla; including 



fission plants, algae and fungi. 

 Thallus. — A plant body made up of many cells or a few tissues, but not 



definite and complex organs; examples, algae and fungi. 

 Theobromine. — ^The mildly stimulating alkaloid substance present in 



cocoa beans and cola nuts. 

 Tissue. — A group of cells alike in structure and function. 

 Toddy. — The sweet juice obtained by tapping the unopened flower 



clusters of several kinds of sugar palms. 

 Toxin. — A poisonous substance produced by bacteria. 

 Tracheid. — An elongated cell with slightly thickened and lignified walls, 



capable of functioning both for conduction and support; conspicuous 



in conifer wood. 

 Transpiration. — The loss of water through the stomates of leaves, by 



vaporization. 

 Tuber. — An underground stem functioning as a storage organ; example, 



white potato. 

 Turgidity. — The swollen condition of cells due to absorption of water 



and consequent distension of cell walls. 



Vacuole. — A cavity in the protoplasm of a cell, usually filled with water 



or oil, or materials in solution. 

 Vascular. — Pertaining to the conductive processes, whereby materials 



are carried from one portion of an organism to another. 



