TABLE OF CONTENTS. 11 



SECTION V. 



PHYSIOLOGY OF THE ORGANS OF CIRCULATION OF THE 

 BLOOD AND LYMPH. 



PAGE 



CHAPTER XXV. THE VELOCITY AND PRESSURE OF THE BLOOD FLOW. . . 483 



The Circulation as Seen Under the Microscope, 483. The Velocity of the Blood 

 Flow, 484. Mean Velocity in the Arteries, Veins, and Capillaries, 487. Cause 

 of the Variations in Velocity, 489. Variations of Velocity with the Heart Beat 

 or Changes in the Blood-vessels, 489.- Time Necessary for a Complete Cir- 

 culation of the Blood, 490. The Pressure Relations in the Vascular System, 491. 

 Methods of Recording Blood-pressure, 491. Systolic, Diastolic, and Mean 

 Arterial Pressure, 495. Method of Measuring Systolic and Diastolic Pressure 

 in Animals, 497. Data as to the Mean Pressure in Arteries, Veins, and Capillaries, 

 500. Methods of Determining Blood-pressure in the Large Arteries of Man, 

 503. Normal Arterial Pressure in Man and its Variations, 508. The Method 

 of Determining Venous Pressures *nd Capillary Pressures in Man, 509. 



CHAPTER XXVI. THE PHYSICAL FACTORS CONCERNED IN THE PRODUC- 

 TION OF BLOOD-PRESSURE AND BLOOD-VELOCITY 513 



Side Pressure and Velocity Pressure, 513. The Factors Concerned in Producing 

 Normal Pressure and Velocity, 516. General Conditions Influencing Blood- 

 pressure and Blood-velocity, 517. The Hydrostatic Effect, 518. Accessory 

 Factors Aiding the Circulation, 520. The Conditions of Pressure and Velocity 

 in the Pulmonary Circulation, 521. Variations of Pressure in the Pulmonary 

 Circuit, 522. 



CHAPTER XXVII. THE PULSE ' 523 



General Statement, 523. Velocity of the Pulse Wave, 524. Form of the Pulse 

 Wave, Sphygmography, 526. Explanation of the Catacrotic Waves, 528. 

 Anacrotic Waves, 529. The Kinds of Pulse in Health and Disease, 530. Venous 

 Pulse, 531. 



CHAPTER XXVIII. THE HEART BEAT 537 



General Statement, 537. Musculature of the Auricles and Ventricles, 537. 

 The Auriculoventricular Bundle, 540. The Sequence of the Heart-beat, 544. 

 The Electrical Variation, 545. Change of Form during Systole, 547. The 

 Apex Beat, 549. Cardiogram, 550. Intraventricular Pressure during Sys- 

 tole, 551. The Volume Curve and the Ventricular Output, 553. The Heart 

 Sounds, 556. The Third Heart Sound, 558. Events Occurring during a Cardiac 

 Cycle, 559. Time Relations of Systole and Diastole, 560. Normal Capacity 

 of Ventricle and Work Done by the Heart, 561. Coronary Circulation during 

 the Heart Beat, 563. Suction-pump Action of the Heart, 564. Occlusion of the 

 Coronary Vessels, 565. Fibrillar Contractions of Heart Muscle, 566. 



CHAPTER XXIX. THE CAUSE AND THE SEQUENCE OF THE HEART BEAT. 



PROPERTIES OF THE HEART MUSCLE 568 



General Statement, 568. The Neurogenic Theory of the Heart Beat, 570. 

 Myogenic Theory, 571. Automaticity of the Heart, 573. Action of Calcium, 

 Potassium, and Sodium Ions on the Heart, 574. Connection of Inorganic Salts 

 with the Causation of the Beat, 576. Maximal Contractions of the Heart, 577. 

 Refractory Period of the Heart Beat, 579. The Compensatory Pause, 580. 

 Normal Sequence of the Heart Beat, 580. Tonicity of the Heart Muscle, 583. 



CHAPTER XXX. THE CARDIAC NERVES AND THEIR PHYSIOLOGICAL 



ACTION 585 



Course of the Cardiac Nerves, 585. Action of the Inhibitory Fibers, 585. 

 Analysis of the Inhibitory Action, 587. Effect of Vagus on the Auricle and 

 the Ventricle, 589. Escape from Inhibition, 589. Reflex Inhibition of the 

 Heart Beat, the Cardio-inhibitory Center, 590. The Tonic Activity of the 

 Cardio-inhibitory Center, 591. The Action of Drugs on the Inhibitory Appara- 

 tus, 593. The "Nature of Inhibition, 593. Course of the Accelerator Fibers, 

 595. Action of the Accelerator Fibers, 597. Tonicity of the Accelerators and 

 Reflex Acceleration, 597. The Accelerator Center, 599. 



CHAPTER XXXI. THE RATE OF THE HEART BEAT AND ITS VARIATIONS 



UNDER NORMAL CONDITIONS 600 



Variations in Rate with Sex, Size, and Age, 600. Variations through the Extrinsic 

 Cardiac Nerves, 601. Variations with Blood-pressure, 601. W T ith Muscular 

 Exercise, 602. With the Gases of the Blood, 603. With Temperature of the 

 Blood, 603. 



