12 TABLE OF CONTENTS. 



PAGE 



CHAPTER XXXII. THE VASOMOTOR NERVES AND THEIR PHYSIOLOGICAL 



ACTIVITY 606 



Historical, 606. Methods Used to Determine Vasomotor Action, 607. The 

 Plethysmograph, 608. General Distribution and Course of the Vasoconstrictof 

 Nerve Fibers, 610. Tonic Activity of the Vasoconstrictors, 613. The Vaso- 

 constrictor Center, 613. Vasoconstrictor Reflexes, Pressor and Depressor Fibers, 

 615. Depressor Nerve of the Heart, 618. Vasoconstrictor Centers in the Spinal 

 Cord, 619. Rhythmical Activity of the Vasoconstrictor Center, 619. Course 

 and Distribution of the Dilator Fibers, 620. General Properties of Vasodilator 

 Fibers, 621. Vasodilator Center and Reflexes, 622. Vasodilatation Due to 

 Afferent Fibers, 623. Regulation of the Blood-supply by Chemical and Mechan- 

 ical Stimuli, 624. 



CHAPTER XXXIII. THE VASOMOTOR SUPPLY OF THE DIFFERENT 



ORGANS 626 



Vasomotors of the Heart, 626.-t Vasonwtors of the Pulmonary Arteries, 627. 

 Circulation in the Brain and Its Regulation, 628. Arterial Supply, t'.^s. Venous 

 Supply, 629. The Meningeal Spaces, 630. Intracranial Pressure, 632. Effect 

 of Changes in Arterial Pressure upon the Blood Flow through the Brain, 634. 

 The Regulation of the Brain Circulation, 636. Vasomotor .serves of the Head 

 Region, 638. Of the Trunk and the Limbs, 639. Of the Abdominal Organs, ' 

 640. Of the Genital Organs, 640. Of the Skeletal Muscles, 641. The Vaso- 

 motor Nerves to the Veins, 642. The Circulation of the Lymph, 642. 



SECTION VI. 

 PHYSIOLOGY OF RESPIRATION. 



CHAPTER XXXIV. HISTORICAL STATEMENT. THE ORGANS OF EXTER- 

 NAL RESPIRATION AND THE RESPIRATORY MOVEMENTS 6-14 



Historical, 644. Anatomy of Organs of Respiration, 648. Thorax as a Closed 

 Cavity, 648. Normal Position of the Thorax, 649. Inspiration by Contraction 

 of the Diaphragm, 650. Inspiration by Elevation of the Ribs, 651. The Muscles 

 of Inspiration, 652. Muscles of Expiration, 652. Quiet and Forced Respiratory 

 Movements, Eupnea and Dyspnea, 653. Costal and Abdominal Types of Res- 

 piration, 654. Accessory Respiratory Movements, 655. Registration of the 

 Respiratory Movements, 655. Volumes of Air Respired, Vital Capacity, Tidal 

 Air, Complemental Air, Supplemental Air, Residual Air, Minimal Air, 657. 

 Size of the Bronchial Tree, 658. Artificial Respiration, 659. 



CHAPTER XXXV. THE PRESSURE CONDITIONS IN THE LUNGS AND 



THORAX AND THEIR INFLUENCE UPON THE CIRCULATION..,. . . . 661 



The Intrapulmonic Pressure and Its Variations, 661. Intrathoracic Pressure, 

 662. Variations of, with Forced and Unusual Respirations, 663. Origin of 

 the Negative Pressure in the Thorax, 664. Pneumothorax, 665. Aspiratory 

 Action of the Thorax, 665. Respiratory Waves of Blood-pressure, 666. 



CHAPTER XXXVI. THE CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL CHANGES IN THE AIR 



AND THE BLOOD CAUSED BY RESPIRATION 669 



The Inspired and Expired Air, 669. Physical Changes in the Expired Air, 670. 

 Injurious Action of Expired Air, 670. Ventilation, 672. The Gases of the 

 Blood, 674. The Pressure of Gases, 677. Absorption of Gases in Liquids, 

 678. The Tension of Gases in Solution, 679. The Condition of Nitrogen in 

 the Blood, 681. Condition of Oxygen in the Blood, 681. Condition of Carbon Di- 

 oxid in the Blood, 684. The Physical Theory of Respiration, 685. Gaseous 

 Exchanges in the Lungs, 686. Exchange of Gases in the Tissues, 688. Secre- 

 tory Activity of Lungs, 689. 



CHAPTER XXXVII. INNERVATION OF THE RESPIRATORY MOVEMENTS.. . 691 



The Respiratory Center, 691. Spinal Respiratory Centers, 692. Automatic 

 Activity of the Respiratory Center, 693. Reflex Stimulation of the Center, 

 694. Afferent Relations of the Vagus to the Center, 695. The Inspiratory 

 and Inhibitory Fibers of the Vagus, 697. Respiratory Reflexes from the Larynx, 

 Pharnyx, and Nose, 699. Voluntary Control of the Respiratory Movements, 

 699. Nature of the Respiratory Center, 700. Respiratory Centers in the Mid- 

 brain, 701. Automatic Stimulus to the Respiratory Center, 701. Cause of the 

 First Respiratory Movements, 705. Dyspnea, Hyperpnea, and Apnea, 706. 

 Innervation of the Bronchial Musculature, 709. 



CHAPTER XXXVIII. THE INFLUENCE OF VARIOUS CONDITIONS UPON 



THE RESPIRATION 710 



Effect of Muscular Work on the Respiratory Movements, 710. Effect of Varia- 

 tions in the Composition of the Air, 711. High and Low Barometric Pressures, 

 Mountain Sickness, Caisson Disease, 713. The Respiratory Quotient and Its 

 Variations, 714. Modified Respiratory Movements, 716. 



