8 TABLE OF CONTENTS. 



PAGE 



CHAPTER V. THE NATURE OF THE NERVE IMPULSE AND THE NUTRI- 

 TIVE RELATIONS OF NERVE FIBER AND NERVE CELL 100 



Historical, 109. Velocity of the Nerve Impulse, 110. Relation of the Nerve 

 Impulse to the Wave of Negativity, 112. Direction of Conduction in the Nerve, 

 113. Effect of Various Influences on the Nerve Impulse, 114. The Refractory 

 Period, 116. The Fatigue of Nerve Fibers, 116. The Metabolism of the Nerve 

 Fiber During Functional Activity, 118. Theories of the Nerve Impulse, 119. 

 Qualitative Differences in Nerve Impulses, 121. Doctrine of Specific Nerve Ener- 

 gies, 121. Nutritive Relations of Nerve Fibers and Nerve Cells, 123. Nerve 

 Degeneration and Regeneration, 124. Degenerative Changes in the Central 

 End of the Neuron, 126. 



SECTION II. 

 THE PHYSIOLOGY OF THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. 



CHAPTER VI. STRUCTURE AND GENERAL PROPERTIES OF THE NERVE 



CELL 129 



The Neuron Doctrine, 129. The Varieties of Neurons, 131. Internal Structure 

 of the Nerve Cell, 134. General Physiology of the Nerve Cell, 135. Sum- 

 mation of Stimuli in Nerve Cell, 138. Response of the Nerve Cell to Varying 

 Rates of Stimulation, 138. The Refractory Period of the Nerve Cell, 139. 



"^CHAPTER VII. REFLEX ACTIONS 140 



Definition and Historical, 140. The Reflex Arc, 140. The Reflex Frog, 142. 

 Spinal Reflex Movements, 142. Theory of Co-ordinated Reflexes, 144. Spinal 

 Reflexes in Mammals, 145. Dependence of Co-ordinated Reflexes upon the 

 Excitation of the Sensory Endings, 145. Reflex Time, 146. Inhibition of Re- 

 flexes, 147. Influence of the Condition of the Cord on Its Reflex Activities, 149. 

 Reflexes from Other Parts of the Nervous System, 149. Reflexes Through Periph- 

 eral Ganglia, Axon Reflexes, 150. The Tonic Activity of the Spinal Cord, 152. 

 Effects of the Removal of the Spinal Cord, 153. Knee-jerk, 155. Reinforcement 

 of the Knee-jerk, 155. Is the Knee-jerk a Reflex Act? 157. Conditions Influencing 

 the Extent of the Knee-jerk, 159. The Knee-jerk and Spinal Reflexes as Diagnos- 

 tic Signs, 160. Other Spinal Reflexes, 160. 



CHAPTER VIII. THE SPINAL CORD AS A PATH OF CONDUCTION 162 



Arrangement and Classification of the Nerve Cells in the Cord, 162. General 

 Relations of the Gray and White Matter in the Cord, 164. The Methods of 

 Determining the Tracts of the Cord, 164. General Classification of the Tracts 

 of the Cord, 165. The Names and Locations of the Long Tracts, 167. The 

 Termination in the Cord of the Fibers of the Posterior Root, 168. Ascend- 

 ing or Afferent Paths in the Posterior Funiculi, 169. Ascending or Afferent 

 Paths in the Lateral Funiculi, 172. The Spinal Paths for the Cutaneous Senses 

 (Touch, Pain, Temperature), 174. The Homolateral or Contralateral Conduc- 



tion of the Cutaneous Impulses, 176. The Descending or Efferent Paths in the 

 Anterolateral Funiculi (Pyramidal System), 178. Less Well-known Tracts in the 

 Cord, 180. 



CHAPTER IX. THE GENERAL PHYSIOLOGY OF THE CEREBRUM AND ITS 



MOTOR FUNCTIONS 182 



The Histology of the Cortex, 183. The Classification of the Systems of Fibers 

 in the Cerebrum (Projection, Association, and Commissural), 184. Physio- 



V logical Deductions from the Histology of the Cortex, 186. The Phenomenon of 

 Conditioned Reflexes J 189. Extirpation of the Cerebrum, 190. Localization of 

 Functions in the Cerebrum, Historical, 192. The Motor Areas of the Cortex, 196. 

 Differences in Paralysis from Injury to the Spinal Neuron and the Pyramidal 

 Neuron, 198. Voluntary Motor Paths Other than the Pyramidal Tract, 198. 

 The Crossed Control of the Muscles and Bilateral Motor Representation in the 

 Cortex, 199. Are the Motor Areas Exclusively Motor? 200. 



CHAPTER X. THE SENSE AREAS AND THE ASSOCIATION AREAS IN THE 



CORTEX 202 



The Body-sense Area, 203. The Course of the Lemniscus, 205. The Center for 

 Vision, 207. Histological Evidence of the Course of the Optic Fibers, 208. 

 The Decussation in the Chiasm, 209. The Projection of the Retina on the Oc- 

 cipital Cortex, 210. The Function of the Lower Visual Centers, 212. The 

 Auditory Center, 212. Course of the Cochlear Nerve, 214. The Physiological 

 Significance of the Lower Auditory Centers, 215. Motor Responses from the 

 Auditory Cortex, 216. The Olfactory Center, 216. The Olfactory Bulb and 

 its Connections, 217. The Cortical Center for Smell, 218. The Cortical Center 

 for Taste, 218. Aphasia, 219. Sensory Aphasia, 221. The Association Areas, 

 223. Subdivision of the Ass9ciation Areas, 225. The Development of the 

 Cortical Areas, 226. Histological Differentiation in Cortical Structure, 229. 

 Physiology of the Corpus Callosum. 230. Physiology of the Corpora Striata 

 and Thalami, 231. 



