ORCHARD PLANS 111 



under consideration, must work with the ma- 

 terials supplied him and cannot ignore the 

 fungus and insect pests that attack his trees; 

 although by dint of proper grafting he may hope 

 presently to transform the character of the trees 

 in such a way as to give them partial immunity. 

 The orchardist of the future will have still better 

 ones in these regards. 



It takes time to grow a tree, and it is peculiarly 

 fortunate that the fruit grower can secure almost 

 anywhere in the Eastern States an abandoned 

 orchard that may almost immediately be restored 

 to a condition of productivity. But of course the 

 orchardist who wishes to operate on an extensive 

 scale will never be content with the renova- 

 tion of an old orchard, however lucrative that 

 process may prove, but will wish to produce 

 a new orchard that may lack the defects of 

 the old one. 



The ancient tree made over will still retain, in 

 such important matters as height and spread of 

 branches, the evidence that it really belongs to a 

 past generation, however insistently the fruit 

 that its grafted branches bear may seem to belie 

 the evidence. 



But the trees of the new orchard may be 

 trained in accordance with modern ideas; and it 

 is not to be denied that ideas as to tree pedagogy 



