ORCHARD PLANS 121 



It should be recalled that the warm southern 

 exposure also tends to take the moisture from 

 the soil early in the season, so varieties planted 

 in such a location should be able to resist drought. 



Trees planted on a hillside will generally have 

 natural drainage. Otherwise it may be neces- 

 sary to drain the soil with tile or with open 

 ditches or else to select varieties of fruit that are 

 known to thrive in a moist, cool soil. Such 

 varieties must necessarily have an unusually 

 large leaf surface and shallow root system. For 

 this reason they should not be placed where they 

 are subject to heavy winds. 



What may be called air drainage is sometimes 

 quite as important as water drainage. Cold air 

 flows down the hillsides and settles in the valleys. 

 So the bottom of the valley is often a poor place 

 to plant fruit; except, indeed, in certain canyons 

 or gulches where there is a steady current of air 

 in motion throughout the night. In general, the 

 orchard site should be on a hilltoj; or hillside, or 

 at least at an elevation above the lowest land sur- 

 face in the neighborhood, unless the valleys are 

 either naturally or artificially well drained. This 

 applies more generally to eastern conditions. 



Without attempting further details in this 

 place, enough has been said to show that there 

 are almost numberless points to be considered by 



