THE APPLE 209 



be overlooked. A greening apple, for example, 

 bears much less superficial resemblance to a snow 

 apple than it bears to a quince; and the average 

 purchaser might be excused if he supposed these 

 two apples, along with numberless other special- 

 ized varieties, to represent forms as distinct from 

 each other as, let us say, blackberries are distinct 

 from raspberries or oranges from lemons. 



But in reality the status of even the best mar- 

 ket "varieties" of apples is quite different from 

 this. It would scarcely be an exaggeration to 

 say that each "variety" of apple manifests the 

 peculiarities of an individual rather than those 

 of a race. 



We have already had our attention called 

 more than once to the fact that the apple, in com- 

 mon with most other cultivated fruits, does not 

 breed true from the seed. 



It has been pointed out that we could not se- 

 cure an orchard of Baldwins by planting the 

 seeds of the Baldwin. 



In a word, the fact has been emphasized that 

 the conventional and necessary method of propa- 

 gating the different varieties of apples is by bud- 

 ding or grafting, or by the equivalent method of 

 sprouting slips or twigs. And attention has fur- 

 thermore been drawn to the fact that this method 

 of propagation may be regarded as the division 



