THE APPLE 227 



Unfortunately the seedlings of the Northern 

 Spy rarely inherit this quality of resistance to 

 the aphis, so it is necessary to grow the roots 

 from cuttings. 



Apple twigs do not root very readily, but if 

 cuttings from vigorous Northern Spy trees are 

 placed in the soil and allowed to grow for a year 

 or longer they develop a good root system and 

 the roots may be severed into small pieces, each 

 of which will produce a stock upon which grafts 

 of any variety may be placed. 



HYBRID APPLES 



I have experimented very extensively, as 

 already noted, with the crossing of different 

 familiar varieties of apple, and have produced 

 several new varieties that have been deemed 

 worthy of introduction. 



But my most interesting experiments have had 

 to do with the wider hybridization in which one 

 or another variety of cultivated apple has been 

 crossed with a related species. In endeavoring 

 to introduce new traits I imported in 1890 all of 

 the best varieties of apples theretofore originated 

 in Australia and New Zealand. 



It was necessary to graft these cions onto older 

 trees to test the fruit, and some very curious re- 

 sults were observed. 



