THE RASPBERRY 237 



Shaffer, Philadelphia, and Gladstone are, at 

 least in part, probably of this origin, as was the 

 historical English Red. The Purple-cane was a 

 native of the northeastern part of the United 

 States, being common in New York and vicinity. 



The original American red raspberry, Rubus 

 strigosus, first became known to the horticul- 

 tural world in 1860, through the introduction of 

 Allen's Antwerp and Allen's Red Prolific. 



For several years preceding 1880 I had been 

 raising seedlings of blackberries, raspberries, 

 gooseberries, Juneberries, strawberries, currants, 

 and various other berries on my experiment 

 farm, and many variations were developed in 

 that way which aroused my enthusiasm. 



These experiments were largely instrumental 

 in teaching me the then not known or not gen- 

 erally accepted value of cross-pollenizing as the 

 means of introducing the tendency to vary among 

 existing species or varieties. And my experi- 

 ments with the different raspberries had a prom- 

 inent share in the demonstration of this very 

 important and hitherto unappreciated principle. 



In the course of these experiments it was first 

 found that the blackcap would cross with the 

 red raspberry, although with difficulty. 



Seedlings from this cross sometimes bore per- 

 fect berries abundantly, but much oftener they 



