THE RASPBERRY 245 



liage, habit of growth, size, and quality of fruit. 

 It is found wild everywhere in the foothills and 

 lower elevations throughout the Pacific slope of 

 the United States, but seems to be at its best in 

 northern California and Oregon. The berries of 

 this wild species are often produced abundantly. 

 They are black, usually of good size, though 

 rather soft, and of superior quality. They are 

 often gathered in large quantities for market 

 and home use. 



The fact that this species bears dioecious flowers 

 that is, flowers of opposite sexes on separate 

 plants has discouraged a very general culti- 

 vation of the plant. It is necessary to grow both 

 male and female plants to insure fertilization, 

 and fruit growers do not relish the idea of hav- 

 ing half their vines unfruitful. 



Nevertheless, there was one variety of the Cal- 

 ifornia dewberry, called the Aughinbaugh, which 

 had been under cultivation for several years. 

 This was the one selected for most of my ex- 

 periments in hybridizing the dewberry; and this 

 plant had a share in the production not only of 

 the Primus berry, but of the even more remark- 

 able Phenomenal berry to which reference will 

 be made in a moment. 



The cross between the Siberian raspberry and 

 the California dewberry, from which the Primus 



