Royal Society. rj 
fomnefs with other water, nor from the withering of the grals on 
the furface of the earth, or of the leaves on the trees, which arc 
as fre/li where Calamlnehes, as in any. other place 5 but it is ob- 
lervable that the groovers always dig for it upon, or near the hills j 
for they expect none in thofe grounds, which have no communi^ 
cation with hills. 
Their method for finding out a vein, is to dig a trench as deep 
as the rocks, 'where they expe£l it to lie, acrofs the place where 
they look for a courfe ^ which trench they generally dia from 
north to fouth, or near upon that point, the courfes ufually lying 
from eafl to weft, or at fix o'clock, as their term is, tho' this 
does not always hold ; for fometimes the courfes, ieams or rakes 
as they call them, lie at nine o'clock, and they are fometimes 
perpendicular, which they call the high time of the day, or 
twelve o'clock, and thele courfes they efteem the berc3 thelc 
feams or courfes run between the rocks generally vt^ider than thofe 
of lead ore, unlefs they are inclofed in very hard cliffi, and then 
they are as narrow as the veins of lead 5 the colour of the earth, 
where Calamine lies, is generally a yellow grit, but fometimes it 
is black ^ for all countries, as they term their under-ground 
works, are not alike: Calamine itlelf is of feveral colours 5 fome 
white, fome reddifh, fome greyifh, and fome blacki/h, which is 
counted the befi: 3 but when this latter is broken, it is alfo of fe- 
veral colours : In working for it below in the countries, they uie 
fhe fame method and inftruments, as they do in lead -mines- and 
lbmetiu,v:s they light on a good quantity of lead, but they al- 
ways find fome eyes of lead amongft the Calamine^ which, in or- 
dering of it, they feparatej tho' in lead-mines they do not always 
find Calamine: in landing of the Calamine^ fome pieces are big- 
ger than others, and of different fizes as other ftones are, and 
mixt with a gritty earth 5 but generally it rifes in fmall particles, 
fome bigger, fome fmaller, and Ibme about the bignefs of a nut, 
and this they call a fmall Calamine : In ancient works, which 
are thole that have been forfaken and afterwards wrought again, 
damps and flenches frequently arife, but never in new works • and 
thele damps are owing to the workmen, who do not take care to 
convey air along with them, which is done by air-fliafts, as in 
lead-mines. 
Vvhen they have landed a good quantity of this Calamine^ 
which IS done by winding it up in buckets from their works, they 
carry it away to the places, where they wafh, clean or huddle ir^ 
as their term is, which they perform in this manoer^ they indole 
a fmall piece of ground with boards or turf, thro' which a clear 
itreaiii 
