62 M E M O I R S e^ /^^ 
that pillars in churches very much prevented echoes: In the 
heads of woodcocks, belides the parages now defcribed, he 
found one on each fide the bone, which makes the orbit of the 
eye, proceeding from the ear, and reaching forwards towards the 
fettin*^ on of the beak, near which they joined in one, and became 
under the toll a fmall paffage, leading to the cavity, by which 
the ears communicate, which is ,above dclcribed, and into which 
it enters 5 thefe paflages are alfo in the heads of ihites, and 
befides, there is one over the Sinus Lons;irudhmliSy and another 
over the Sinus Lateralis of the brain. Note, that in the killing of 
fnites, and fmaller birds, if care be not taken not to bruife the 
head, thefe paffages cannot be difcovered, on account of extra- 
vafated blood 5 obferve alfo, that the Lamijwlce (ind bony pillars 
arc every where to be obferved, where there is a pafTage, except- 
ing under the toll, in the paffage from the fetting on of the bill 
to' the firft paflage delcribed: In the heads of parrots and paro- 
quets, befides the firft delcribed palTage, between the two tables, 
he obferved cells opening into other cells, and thefe again into 
others, fo that there was fcarcely any part of the fkuU that they 
did not take up; and this did not only appear, by pouring into 
one ear, freed from its drum, the other being alfo removed, a 
tin6^ure of cochineel, and then blowing it into all thefe cells, fo 
that no part was free of the tincture ^ but it was alfo manifefl to 
the naked eye, notwithftanding, that fometimes it was difficult 
to trace their communications, by reafonof the number of the 
jAimimdce, and the aforefaid pillars: In finging birds, the 
ftrudture of thefe parages is like that of the parrot and paroquet, 
only that the pillars and Laminulde are lels than they fhould leem 
to be in proportion to the heads ^ from whence it is probable, 
that thele birds are by this ftruciure enabled to diftinguifh founds 
and notes, and alfo imitate them better, having a more mufical 
ear: In the heads of pullets, geefe, ducks, he found only the firft 
defcribed paflage diltin'£llY> but in pluvers, buftards, and fome 
others, he found another pa&ge,. that went over the Sinus Late- 
ralis of the brain, from ear to^ear; which feems to be defigned to 
make them more watchful than domeftic fowl, or thofe that live 
much on the water, becaufe they are liable to a great many acci- 
dents that the others are exempt from : In the ears of all the fowl 
he could examine, he never found any more than one bone and a 
cartilage, which made a joint with it, that was eafily moveable • 
the cartilage had generally an epiphyfe or two, one on each fide, 
which were very flexible, as itlclf alio was ; the bone was fmall 
and very hard, having at the end of it a broad plate of the fame 
llib- 
( 
