Royal Society. 167 
the boiler, and laid upon a lime floor to dry. They proportion 
two load of earth of five kintals each, to 50 kintals of oil 3 the 
produce is between 70 and 80 kintals of foap. The earth is 
bought at a dollar a load, and the Ibap, at (J^ a kintal. There 
is employed in making foap yearly at Smyrna 1000 kintals of oil. 
The carrying of foap-earth employs icco, or 1500 camels daily, 
for eight months , the other four fummer months being too hot for 
camels to travel in. An ordinary foap-houle produces 1000 dol- 
lars a year clear profit, one year with another. 
Chylificationj hy Mr, Will. Cooper. Phil. Tranf N° 220. 
p. 231. 
TH E Denies inciforii are employed to divide the food 5 
when a proportionable piece is thus taken into the mouth, 
the lower jaw is varioufly moved by its proper mufcles and maf- 
tication is begun and carried on by the afliltance of the tongue, 
cheeks and lips • the two firft fl:iil applying the lefs divided parts 
of the aliment to the 2)entes molareSj till there is an equal com- 
minution of all its parts. At the fame time feveral of the muf- 
cles, employed in the motion of the lower jaw, are alio ierviceable, 
in promoting the fpittle feparated fi'om the blood by the \Parotid 
GlandSy the glands of the lower jaw, and thofe under the tongue 
into the mouth j the falival glands of the cheeks and lips, alio 
contributing their juices, do all together join with the maflicated 
aliment, before or at the fame time it is made fit to be fwallowed - 
which adion is called De^htitmu and is thus performed .- The 
aliment, as well what is fluid, as what is mafticated, being lod- 
ged on the tongue, which does form itfelf a little into a hollow, 
by means of its own proper mulcular fibres, for the more commo- 
dious holding the greater quantity, its tip and fides are applied 
to the infides of all the teeth of the upper jaw, the tongue is fud- 
.denly drawn up by the MiifcuU Styloghfil and Mylogloffus^ 
together with thole mufcles which pull the Os Hyoides upwards ; 
at the fame time the Fauces are alfo drawn up, and their cavity 
enlarged by the Mufculi Stylophaiyngeij and about two thirds 
of the fuperior fuvface of the tongue is adequately applied to the 
roof of the mouth 3. the EpiglottiSy from its pofition being confe- 
quently deprelTed, does thereby cover the Glottis or Rimtda of 
the Larynx^ and prevents any part of the aliment froin defcendin/r 
into the wind-pipe. In this part of the action of deglutition, the 
elands under the tongue, and the excretory du61s of thole of the 
lower jaw, are comprefled, and their feparated liquors or ipittle 
is difcharged by their TapilliC^ fituated at the lower part of the 
