I So MEXTAL EVOLUTION IN MAN. 



or analogies. Now, these degrees are as various as are the 

 degrees of intelHgence itself. Long before the differential 

 engine of Conception has come to the assistance of Mind, both 

 animals and human beings (as previously shown) are able to 

 go a long way in the distinguishing of resemblances, or 

 analogies, by means of reccptual ideation alone. When such 

 receptual discrimination is expressed by the corresponding 

 extension of denotative names, the degree of connotation which 

 such names may thus acquire depends upon the degree of this 

 receptual discrimination. Even my parrot was able to extend 

 its denotative name for a particular dog to any other dog which 

 it happened to see — thus precisely resembling my child, who 

 extended its first denotative word Star to a candle. Conno- 

 tation, then, begins in the purely receptual sphere of ideation; 

 and although in man it is afterwards carried up into the con- 

 ceptual sphere, it is obviously most imperative for the purposes 

 of this analysis to draw a distinction between connotation as 

 receptual and as conceptual. 



This distinction I have drawn by assigning the word 

 deiiouiination to all connotation which is of a truly conceptual 

 nature — or to the bestowing of names consciously recognized 

 as such. And I have just shown that when connotation is 

 thus denominative or conceptual, it is psychologically the 

 same as predication. Therefore it is only in this denominative 

 sense of the word, or in cases where conceptual ideation is 

 concerned, that an act of naming involves an act of judg- 

 ment, strictly so called. 



Such being the psychological standing of the matter, it is 

 evident that the whole question before us is narrowed down 

 to a clearing up of the relations that obtain between con- 

 notation as receptual and conceptual — or between connotation, 

 that is, and connotation that is not, denominative. To do 

 this I will begin by quoting an instance of un-denominative or 

 receptual connotation in the case of a young child. 



" There is this peculiar to man — the sound which has 

 been associated in his case with the perception of some 

 particular individual is called up again, not only at the sight 



