FEED ALL GRAIN AND GRASS. 75 



its present position by a series of removals, as the timber has 

 been made to recede before it. 



The west and northwest is sheltered by natural groves, 

 but as these are beginning to disappear before the woodman's 

 ax, artificial groves have been grown to meet and mingle, 

 and break the cold north wind. Two small ravines, or spring 

 branches, and one large ravine, furnish living water for stock 

 the year round, and are situated on each division of the farm. 

 Although a large portion of the land has been in cultivation 

 for a long time, its fertility is nearly as good as when first 

 broken. No artificial manures, or patent ones either, have ever 

 been used. The plan has been to 



FEED ON THE PLACE ALL THE GRAIN AND GRASS 



grown upon it ; and with favorable seasons the crops are 

 still abundant. The principal crops have been corn, hay 

 and grass, with some wheat each year. Sixty to seventy- 

 five bushels of corn per acre and twenty-five to thirty bushels 

 of wheat have been frequently raised. The pasture land is blue 

 grass and white clover, which is plowed under and put to corn for 

 three or four years, then sown to wheat and seeded with timothy, 

 or seeded without the wheat and used for hay two to three years. 

 Turned to pasture one or two years, brings it back to its 

 starting point again. This is about the best rotation I have 

 ever been able to make. The cleanings of the barnyard and 

 the manures from the stable are mostly used on third or fourth 

 year corn ground, thrown in heaps over the field during 

 Winter and scattered about just before plowing in Spring. 



HORSES. 



My horses, or rather colts, are bought at weaning time. 

 Ten to fifteen head, and even more have been kept and grown 

 to two and three years old. They are then mostly sold 

 to neighboring farmers. I have now fifteen yearling colts and 

 eight foaled this season. A number of these are graded Nor- 

 mans from a horse I raised myself. Their feed is grass in Sum- 

 mer, hay and fodder with some corn in Winter ; but all they will 

 ieat of good hay is the best feed. I have wintered them so in ex- 



