358 NEMAHA COUNTY, KANSAS. 



and make butter. For many years past I have received tliree or 

 four cents above the market price per pound for our butter. 

 The milk is set in tin pans in a cool cellar, and nothing is 

 allowed in the cellar that has the slightest odor. Skim milk 

 as soon as it changes. I have a tin cooler for the cream, and 

 cool it to sixty-two degrees, then churn it. Work it over. 

 Add one and a quarter ounces of dairy salt to one pound of butter. 

 I work in the salt and do not put any water on it. I let some 

 calves suck the cow. Generally the calves which I raise on 

 sour milk make as good yearlings as the others. Calves must 

 be fed some grain or roots, or both, in addition to good hay, during 

 the first Winter, in order to keep them growing, and to make 

 thrifty cattle. If any of my stock becomes infected with lice, 

 I wash the parts most troubled with water that potatoes have 

 been boiled in. The lice will soon disappear. Black leg in 

 cattle can be cured by bleeding them in the hind feet. Cut a 

 perpendicular gash on the side of the heel between the hoof 

 and the dew claws, and rub down the animal's leg until the 

 blood starts freely. If this is done before the disease is far 

 advanced, it will save the animal. 



HORSES. 



When my brood mares are taken from the grass into Win- 

 ter quarters, I feed them a liberal mess of carrots, potatoes, or 

 cabbages, once a day, and a moderate mess of grain twice a 

 day ; also give a teaspoonful of soda twice a week. Wean the 

 colts at seven months old ; a month earlier if the mares work. 

 Handle them very patiently and gently, and break them 

 to the halter. Never let them break loose after once haltered, 

 for here the education of the horse begins. It is wonderful 

 the number of young horses that are spoiled by bad treatment. 

 Brother farmers, exercise patience, kindness and judgment 

 towards all animals, and yourselves, they, and the world will 

 be better for it. 



POULTRY. 



Raising fowls is good employment for children if superin- 

 tended by older heads. I raise large numbers, and have never 



