BREEDING PEN FOR HOGS. 449 



A good clay, moistened, and well pounded in when dry, makes 

 a good floor, also. The i>en may be made warmer by lining the 

 inside twelve to eighteen inches high, and filling in between 

 the lining and outside with any suitable substance. If more 

 pen room is needed, any length required can be built together, 

 but I always cut it up in sections of not over eight feet long. 

 In cold weather hogs will pile up if they can, and become 

 heated. This should always be prevented. This pen is proof 

 against it, and will save its cost in this way alone. Hogs are 

 frequently very much damaged (often resulting in the death of 

 half the herd, by sweating and heating nearly to suffocation 

 in the center of the pile, and forcing themselves out when it is 

 not possible to stand it longer. Then comes the sudden 

 chill, causing colds, coughs, consumption and death. I give 

 but little bedding, if any. I also use these pens for my sows 

 to have their pigs in, by closing up the front the proper hight, 

 and putting in a door. The sows, being accustomed to the 

 place, are easily coaxed in. This I do ten days prior to the 

 time to come. As before sai 1, T give but little bedding ; only 

 enough to pacify them. 



W. H. PALMER, 



WATERLOO, BLACKHAWK COUNTY. 



Wheat — Oats — Clover — Corn — Cattle — Hogs — Sheep — - 

 Pasture and Meadows — Manures — Fences — Hedges — 

 G-roves — Orchard — Farm Buildings — Hay Stacker — 



Drainage. 



CEDAR VALLEY FARM 



received its name from its owner, and from its being situated 

 on the slop^^of the Valley of the Red Cedar river, in Mount 

 Vernon and Bennington townships, Blackhawk Co., Iowa. 

 I own four adjoining eighties, together with the home 

 residence on the corner of Section twenty-four, six miles north, 

 and one east of the thriving city of Waterloo, which is the 

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