PASTURES. 741 



for a water supply than my own, on Appledale farm. The 

 house stands on an elevation, and the liouse well supplies the 

 farm. The water is impregnated with black sulphur and iron, 

 and is very healthy for stock. I have never had a sick animal 

 or called a doctor. 



The water is raised by a windmill, which saves a hand and 

 nearly pays for itself every year. The water is carried in iron 

 pipes, three hundred feet, to the west, and same to the east 

 barn yard, also carried through the milk house to the hog lot. 



There are no slops thrown out from the kitchen to ferment 

 in the soil and create sickness. There are deep drains about 

 the well, and the well is cemented from the hard boulder clay 

 to the surface, so there is no possibility of any filth which 

 would breed disease getting into it. 



PASTURES. 



The best pastures are those that have never been plowed, 

 and blue grass, which is a natural growth here, is the best and 

 richest pasture that we have, and the older the sod is, the more 

 teed it seems to yield. I use clover for hog pasture. 



A timothy meadow, which I raise only for hay, will last 

 from eight to twelve years, at which time the blue grass will 

 have possession. This is but little use for hay. In the Fall of 

 1879, my blue grass pasture was well grown, so that I let my 

 milk cows run on it all Winter, and they have done well with 

 but little feed. Cattle that are kept up all Winter should not 

 have their feed cut off at once and turned to grass. I know 

 some farmers that do this always, which produces scours in their 

 cattle, and results invariably in a loss. I commence to feed 

 my cattle and sheep grain a few weeks before they are turned 

 on grass, and continue the grain several weeks afterwards. 



It is well for farmers to be posted on the different breeds 

 of cattle. The Short-Horns of recent origin hold a high place 

 in the esteem of many breeders, having been produced by care- 

 ful selection and high feeding and care. I have allowed these 

 fine large breeds to run for several years with the common 

 natives, receiving no more care, feed, or shelter, and in several 



