I '2(5 



THE MODERN SYSTEM 



most frequently at this time the Horse's appe- 

 tite is very considerably increased, than when 

 free from these internal robbers. 



The second kind of bolts are much smaller 

 than the foregoing, and 1 have every reason to 

 believe are not alwavs attached to the sto- 

 mach, but occupy the rectum, or last intestine ; 

 they are of the same nature as the other, 

 and you frequently find them attached to the 

 anus, and occasion the Horse often to kick and 

 fidget about, in consequence of the irritation 

 they are the cause of. I have every reason 

 to believe tliat the bott lies in the stomach 

 nearly twelve months; for it is in the summer 

 months that the larva of the gad-fly, which is 

 supposed to be the parent of them, deposits 

 her eggs on the hair, which is then taken into 

 the stomach of the Horse, and comes to ma- 

 turity in the early part of the following year, 

 and becomes ejected with the Horse's dung. 



There is but litile remaining to be said as 

 to the cause of botts, more than what we 

 have mentioned above: but I have frequently 

 seen them come from Horses that have not 

 been out of a stable, and this about the time 

 ■iipw vetches are brought to market. Give 

 your Horse a few bundles of vetches, and you 

 may be sure to remove botts. At any rate 

 there is sufficient proof the Horse is affected 

 by them, and he will eject a considerable 

 quantity. 



Worms may be discovered to be in the 

 system by the dry yellowish matter adhering 

 I) the fundament, and running two or three 

 inches down below. This is merely the soft 

 part of the worm, in making its escape, irri- 

 tates the sphincter muscle until it becomes 

 cru.shed ; and this I know for a fact, having 

 in cart-horses seen it frequently occur. They 

 xite frequently detected in the dung, especially 



' the thread ivorm and tlie long tvhite irorm, 

 and that I believe to be the only method of 

 discovering them ; for tlie long worm is too 

 strong in itself to be crushed by the sphincter, 

 and the thread worm too small for any im- 

 pression to be made on them. There are 

 other symptoms when worms are predomi- 

 nant ; they occasion irregular appetite, the 

 bowels also are at one time costive, and as 

 irritation might arise, they become loose, with 

 an unhealthy secretion attached to the d«ng. 

 When botts are prevalent, the Hoise is fre- 

 quently rulibing his tail against the sides of 

 the stall, or against a post. 



The long white worm is very hurtful ; the 

 Horse may eat well, and appear hearty, but 

 he does not thrive ; becomes hide-bound, in 

 consequence of the skin sympathismg so 

 much with the stomach, the coat stares, and 

 feels rough ; it is very frequently attended 

 with a short dry cough, sometimes by attacks 

 of the gripes, the breath is hot and smells 

 very disagreeable. 



For the treatment of worms, I know but of 

 two articles that any reliance can at all he 

 placed in, and that can lay claim to approba- 

 tion, as that certain and indubitable one, as 

 calomel. Antimonials and preparations of tin 

 have each their advocates, even down to train 

 oil, as well as the vegetable kingdom, which 

 has in the opinion of some, been never failing, 

 such as rue, savin, box, &c. and also to- 

 bacco. 



But experience has determined the specific 

 effects of calomel in this case absolutely infal- 

 lible, before the power of which every species 

 of worms and their oviparous remains, indis- 

 criminately fall, and are totally exterminated 

 without the shadow of a doubt. So soon, 

 therefore, as they are suspected, cv at 'east so 



