LIBRARY OF OLD AUTHORS. 333 



were we not familiar with the commentators on Shake- 

 speare. 



" And now they out-ray to your fleet." (II. v. 793.) 



^'Out-ray — spread out in an-ay ; abbreviated from ar- 

 ray. Dr. Taylor says 'rush out,' from the Anglo- 

 Saxon ' rean,^ to flow ; but there seems no necessity for 

 such an etymology." We should think not ! Chapman, 

 like Pope, made his first sketch from the French, and 

 corrected it by the Greek. Those who would under- 

 stand Chapman's English must allow for traces of his 

 French guide here and there. This is one of them, per- 

 haps. The word is etymologically unrelated to array. 

 It is merely the old French oultreer, a derivative of 

 ultra. It means " they pass beyond their gates even to 

 your fleet." He had said just before that formerly 

 "your foes durst not a foot address ivithout their ports. ^^ 

 The word occurs again II. xxiii. 413. 



" When none, though many kings put on, could make his vaunt, he led 

 Tydides to renewed assault or issued first the dike." (.11. viii. 217.) 



" Tydides. — He led Tydides, i. e. Tydides he led. An 

 unusual construction." Not in the least. The old print- 

 ers or authors sometimes put a comma where some con- 

 necting particle was left out. We had just now an in- 

 stance where one took the place of so. Here it supplies 

 that. "Xone could make his vaunt that he led (that 

 is, was before) Tydides." We still use the w^ord in the 

 same sense, as the " leading " horse in a race. 



" And all did wilfully expect the silver- throned morn." (II. viii. 497 ) 



" Wilfully — willingly, anxiously." Wishfully, as else- 

 where in Chapman. 



" And as, upon a rich man's crop of barley or of wheat, 

 Opposed for swiftness at their work, a sort of reapers sweat." 



'' Opposed — standing opposite to one another for expedi- 

 tion's sake." We hope Mr. Hooper understood his own 



