enough to rule out the possibility of an equal sex ratio. The overall sex ratio 

 for adult moose shot by resident hunters in northern Ontario was 58.2% bulls 

 to 41.8% cows. A chi-square test revealed that this was significantly different 

 from a fifty-fifty sex ratio. It is safe to conclude that resident hunters in northern 

 Ontario shot a higher percentage of bulls than cows. 



Non-resident hunters, included in Table No. 4, reported an even greater 

 percentage of bulls in the kill. The totals for Ontario indicated that 62.9% of 

 the moose shot by non-residents were bulls, while only 37.1% were cows. The 

 sex ratio of calves shot by non-residents was 58.4% males to 41.6% females. 

 This was nearly identical with the sex ratio of calves shot by residents in north- 

 ern Ontario, which was 59.0% males to 41.0% females. It appears that the 

 higher proportion of adult bulls killed by non-residents was the result of a 

 greater preference for animals with large antlers. 



The sex ratios of moose shot in southern Ontario differ from the moose 

 shot by residents or non-residents in northern Ontario. The ratio of 52.0% 

 adult bulls to 48.0% adult cows is not significantly different from an even sex 

 ratio. Calves, however, were in nearly the same proportion as in northern On- 

 tario, 60.3% males to 39.7% females. The reason why hunters shot more adult 

 bulls than cows in the north but equal numbers in the south is not clear. It may 

 be that bulls are more vulnerable to hunting than are cows. In northern Ontario 

 where moose are under-harvested, there might be more bulls available to hunters 

 than in southern Ontario, where the heavier hunting in the past would have 

 reduced the number of bulls. On the other hand, it might be that the difference 

 is entirely due to hunter preference. In northern Ontario there would be a better 

 chance for hunters to select the moose they wanted than in southern Ontario, where 

 they would probably be glad to take any moose they could get. Whichever ex- 

 planation is correct, the difference in sex ratios of adult moose shot in northern 

 and southern Ontario seems to reflect the difference in hunting pressure in the 

 two parts of the province. 



The hunter success figures for resident hunters included in this report are 

 based on questionnaires collected from samples of resident hunters. Non-resident 

 hunter success was calculated from all non-residents who would reply, except 

 in Kenora District, where a sample of the non-resident hunters was used. Data 

 on moose ages were also collected for future analysis. 



RufFed Grouse Studies, 1961 



During the summer of 1961, district staff throughout Ontario again counted 

 the number of ruffed grouse young in each brood sighted during the period May 

 through August. A total of 579 broods were seen in eighteen districts. In 1959, 

 576 broods were counted, and in 1960, 941 broods were counted. The increase 

 in 1960 was mainly because more districts participated in the program. However, 

 the decrease in 1961 occurred in spite of a further increase in the number of 

 districts participating. This certainly indicated a decrease in the grouse population. 



Table No. 1 summarizes the brood count by district and by month. The 

 average brood size in June was very similar to that recorded in 1960, as was 

 the case in July. However, in August the average brood size was quite different 

 than in 1960. Pembroke, Parry Sound, and Sudbury, as well as Gogama, Gerald- 

 ton, Port Arthur, Sioux Lookout and Kenora showed substantial increases in 

 brood size during August over those recorded in 1960. Sault Ste. Marie, White 

 River, and Chapleau showed substantial decreases in brood size reported. Brood 

 counts in southwestern Ontario have been difficult to obtain, but in the Erie 



85 



