volume for each species in any such operation in which a sample of approximately 

 500 stems were scaled per species. 



Such estimates usually have been well within 1% of volume determinations 

 made on the same operations by other methods. 



During 1965-66, the system was expanded to include: board-foot volumes 

 for sawmills; fixed-length slashing for pulpmills; and combined utilization such 

 as of poles and logs sold at different stumpage rates. The system was used in more 

 than 30 operations in 10 of the northern districts. 



Also, other systems were developed for the sample scaling of pulpwood 

 which must be cube-scaled in skidways. 



Services to Forest Resources Inventory. This unit has been co-operating with 

 Forest Resources Inventory in the design and development of a new sampling 

 system to increase the accuracy of volume determinations in standing timber and, 

 further, to estimate the proportions of trees of different qualities in each stand. 



Services to Silviculture Section (Timber Branch). In co-operation with 

 Silviculture Section, a sampling plan has been worked out to permit adequate 

 assessment of planting survival of tubelings and nursery stock. The establishment 

 and assessment forms for data collection, which were developed and have been 

 sent to the districts, represent a compromise between the need by the Timber 

 Branch to know what losses occurred where, and the need by Research to know 

 what caused such losses. 



Services to ARDA. This unit participated in collecting, preparing, and 

 providing computer programmes for analyzing the data used in a report by D. V. 

 Love and J. R. M. Williams entitled "The Economics of Plantation Forestry in 

 Southern Ontario", to be published in 1966. 



Services to Research Branch. These services have included consultations on 

 and participation in, planning, designing, analyzing, and interpreting the results 

 obtained from experiments as well as from collections of data by numerous 

 investigators in the Forestry, Wildlife, and Fisheries Sections. 



A wide variety of analytical methods and techniques is made available, such 

 as orthogonal analyses of variance and covariance, non-parametric tests without 

 orthonogality, and discriminant analyses. 



FORESTRY ECONOMICS 



The forestry economist in the Research Branch assisted Prof. D. V. Love in 

 a study of the economics of intensive forestry in southern Ontario, conducted 

 under the auspices of the Agricultural Rehabilitation and Development Act. Basic 

 growth data were collected in plantation-grown red pine and white spruce. Growth 

 measurements were made in vigorous, naturally grown hardwood stands. A report 

 on this work will be prepared by Prof. D. V. Love, the director of this project. 



The forestry economist co-operated with the research workers of the South- 

 western Region on the establishment of fast growing hardwood species, specifically 

 in relation to eastern cotton wood. 



In co-operation with the Forest Mensuration Unit of the Research Branch, 

 a joint plan was prepared to regulate the handling of permanent sample plot data 

 to facilitate their widest possible dissemination and use. 



The performance of a newly designed pruning machine was investigated. 

 Certain particulars concerning the efficiency of this machine were presented at the 

 Conference on Artificial Regeneration in Ontario held in Richmond Hill. 



252 



