TABLE OF CONTENTS 



Page 



I . SUMMARY 1 



II. SPECIES INFORMATION 



A. CLASSIFICATION 3 



B. PRESENT LEGAL OR OTHER FORMAL STATUS 3 



C. DESCRIPTION 4 



D. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION 5 



E . HABITAT 6 



F. POPULATION DEMOGRAPHY AND BIOLOGY 8 



G . POPULATION ECOLOGY 9 



H . LAND OWNERSHIP 10 



III. ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT RECOMMENDATIONS 



A. THREATS TO CURRENTLY KNOWN POPULATIONS 10 



B. MANAGEMENT PRACTICES AND RESPONSE 11 



C. RECOMMENDATIONS FOR MAINTAINING VIABLE POPULATIONS. 12 



D. RECOMMENDATIONS FOR FURTHER ASSESSMENT 12 



IV. LITERATURE CITED 14 



V. ELEMENT OCCURRENCE PRINT-OUTS AND MAPS 



VI . PHOTOGRAPHS 



A. Tovmsendia spathulata close up 



B. Townsendia spathulata habitat 



C. Optimal Townsendia spathulata habitat 



D. Most frequent Townsendia spathulata habitat 



E. Toeslope Townsendia spathulata habitat 



F. Midslope Townsendia spathulata habitat 



G. Quarry activity in Townsendia spathulata habitat 



