responses may help in designing management response studies for 

 Spiranthes diluvialis. 



c Other ecologically similar taxa: Literature searches on other orchid 



species of the Great Plains and Great Basin may also provide a 

 resource for designing and conducting management response research, 

 as mentioned above. In addition, Habenaria hyperborea frequently 

 occurs with Spiranthes diluvialis in Montana, occupies similar 

 microhabitats, and may provide a possible study surrogate. 



2. Performance under changed conditions: There is limited basis for 

 commenting on this among Montana populations. One swale area formerly 

 innundated by ditch seepage (owner pers. commvm.) now has the ditch 

 plugged and a large numbers of Spiranthes diluvialis (#005) in the swale 

 below. 



3. Current management policies and actions: There are no current agency 

 management policies or actions involving this species in Montana. 



4. Future land use: All of the current EOs occupy settings which can readily be 

 degraded, if not also plowed. Mapping of wetland habitat for tax credit 

 purposes is underway at least in Gallatin Coimty, but it is not known whether 

 the narrow channels as occupied by the species are consistently demarcated. 



B. Cultivation. 



1. Controlled propagation techniques: None. Efforts to propagate Spiranthes 

 diluvialis are underway at Denver Botanic Gardens and the Red Butte 

 Gardens of Salt Lake City. 



2. Ease of transplanting: Salvage operations involving several hundred plants 

 at a Utah site were carried out. The were transplanted into raised beds with 

 drip irrigation and subsurface drainage at the Red Butte Gardens (Meyer 

 1995). 



3. Pertinent horticultural knowledge: Propagation of orchids is of 

 considerable horticultural interest (Allen 1996) and has usually usually been 

 done without the symbiosis. But some species like Spiranthes diluvialis have 

 never been successfully propagated apart from their endomycorrhizae. 



4. Status and location of presently cultivated material: 



a. Specimen plants: None. 



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