TWENTIETH ANNUAL MEETING. 87 



Mr. Frost: With the iKirdeanx mixture? 



Mr. Hopkins: Yes, it was the mixture known as 

 Pyrox. Prof. Clinton saw some of my apples, which were 

 sent to him, which were cracked, but the russcting-, I doubt. 

 was ever caused by Bordeaux. 



Now I would like to ask Prof. Clinton if l)lack rot and 

 bitter rot are two different troubles ? 



Prof. Clinton: Yes, black rot is the common rot in 

 this state. Bitter rot does little injury here, althoui^h in Il- 

 linois it has been a very serious thing. As far back as 50 

 years ago the horticulturists assembled, and one writer said 

 it swept like the breath of ruin over his orchards. But, for- 

 tunately we do not have to contend with bitter rot in this 

 state. We do not even have scab as bad as they do in New 

 York. 



One of our chief fungi troubles is sooty blotch, but if 

 the season is dry we don't have that trouble, so I think, on 

 the whole, we are rather favorably situated in Connecticut, 

 and have escaped some fungi injuries. So in some orchards, 

 spraying with arsenate of lead gives about as good results, at 

 least where the fungicide was used with it. We did test, in 

 a small way, flowers of sulphur combined with arsenate of 

 lead. That seemed to have some value as a fungicide, but it 

 was on too small a scale to say much definitely about it. 



Mr. Hopkins: I would like to ask if lime-sulphur will 

 cure black rot, and also does black rot kill branches and limbs 

 of trees? 



Prof. Whetzel: Black rot occurs either on the branch- 

 es, and produces cankers there and kills the twigs. It comes 

 on with the unfolding of leaves, and produces brownish spots 

 about a c[uarter of an inch in diameter, and so if you can 

 trace these spots that are ct)ntiguous with the leaves, to some 

 infected branch overhead, why, a thorough trimming out of 

 the diseased wood is fairly effective in controlling that. They 

 have proved that black rot is parasitic on the twig. 



On the fruit, the black rot spot on the early varieties, 

 comes in largely through some insecticide injury. But we 



