206 SUCCESS IVITII SMALL FRUITS. 



to originate new varieties of raspberries, our aim should be 

 to develop our hardy native species, the R. Strigosus^ and 

 if we employ the R. Idmis class for parentage on one side, 

 seek its most vigorous representatives, such as the Belle de 

 Fontenaye and Franconia. 



CHOICE OF LAND — ITS PREPARATION — PLANTING. 



All that has been said about the thorough preparation of 

 the soil for strawberries, by drainage, deep plowing, trench- 

 ing, etc., applies to raspberries, but differences should be 

 noted in respect to fertilizers. Land can scarcely be made 

 too rich for any variety of strawberries, but certain strong- 

 growing raspberries, like the Cuthbert, Herstine, and Tur- 

 ner, should not be over-fertilized. Some kinds demand 

 good, clean culture, rather than a richness that would cause 

 too great a growth of cane and foliage. In contrast, the 

 feebler growing kinds, like the Brandywine, and most of the 

 foreign varieties, require abundance of manure. Muck, 

 sweetened by lime and frost is one of the simplest and best ; 

 but anything will answer that is not too full of heat and 

 ferment. Like the strawberry, the raspberry needs cool 

 manures that have "staying" qualities. Unlike the former 

 fruit, however, the raspberry does well in partial shade, such 

 as that furnished by the northern side of a fence, hedge, 

 etc., by a pear or even apple orchard, if the trees still per- 

 mit wide intervals of open sky. The red varieties, espe- 

 cially those of the foreign type, much prefer moist, heavy 

 soils ; but the black-caps do quite as well on light ground, 

 if moisture can be maintained. The latter, also, can be 

 grown farther south than any other species ; but below the 

 latitude of New York, those containing foreign elements 

 begin to fail rapidly, until, at last, a point is reached where 



