FOREIGN AND NATIVE SPECIES. 22/ 



spreads in many places a purple bloom, like that on a grape, 

 and which rubs oft' at the touch. It is almost free from spines, 

 and so closely resembles the Southern Thornless in all re- 

 spects that I cannot distinguish between them. 



The Turner is a fine example of the result of persistent 

 well-doing. After having been treated slightingly and writ- 

 ten down at the East for ten years or more, it is now stead- 

 ily winning its way toward the front rank. Mr. A. S. Fuller, 

 who has tried most of the older varieties, says that he keeps 

 a patch of it for his own use, because it gives so much good 

 fruit with so little trouble. 



I shall give its origin in Professor Turner's own words, as 

 far as possible : — 



"Soon after I came to Illinois, in 1833, I obtained, through a 

 friend from the East, some raspberries sold to me as the ' Red 

 Antwerp.' I do not know or believe that there was at that time 

 any other red raspberry within one hundred miles of this place. 

 Indeed, I have never seen a native wild red raspberry in the 

 State, though it may be there are some. I found the Antwerp 

 would not stand our climate, but by extreme care I protected it 

 one winter, and it bore some fruit. I conceived the idea of 

 amusing my leisure hours from college duty by raising new 

 seedling raspberries, strawberries, etc., that would be adapted 

 to the climate of the State. I had only a small garden spot, no 

 particular knowledge of the business, and no interest in it out- 

 side of the public good. I read upon the subject, as far as I 

 then could, and planted and nursed my seedlings. Out of hun- 

 dreds or thousands sown, I got one good early strawberry, which 

 had a local run for a time ; one fair blackberry, but no grapes or 

 raspberries that seemed worth anything. The seeds of the rasp- 

 berries were sown in a bed back of my house, and the shoots 

 reserved were all nurtured on the same bed. After I supposed 

 them to be a failure, I set out an arbor vitae hedge directly 

 across the raspberry bed, makin<i; some effort to destroy the 

 canes so that the little cedars might grow. Sometimes, when 



