156 



POPULAR GARDENING. 



May, 



^^'♦^''MAI'TERTRAT OBSERVES 

 TO BE\AflDE1.YKH0Wlil. 



eive tlie Children a 

 ' Chance. Children take to 

 eai-th ns naturally as gos- 

 linBS take to water, and 

 their liking for flowers is 

 hardly less marked,— Mr. 



///f/'/n Pruit Packages. Itemilval 



§?--'i^ —That we believe in a full 



peck, half bushel, bushel and barrel, dry meas- 

 ure, tor our Peaches, Apples and Pears.— SouOi 

 nai'vn and Cnnca PamohHiical Society. 



Good Ornamental Trees. Elms are excellent 

 trees to plant at the entrance of cemeteries or 

 grounds, and the different varieties of the Maple, 

 Birch, Dogwood, Beech and Oak are all excel- 

 lent for ornamental purposes in this latitude, 

 and always give satisfaction.— John O. Parher. 



The Three Best Grapes, The New .Jersey State 

 Agricultural Society, balloting for the best 

 three Grapes for general use, one of each color, 

 decided in favor of the Brighton, red; Worden, 

 black; and Niagara, white, and only a very few 

 growers in that state would to-day make any 

 alteration in the list. 



Jerusalem Cherry (Solaimm pseudo-capsicum) 

 produces a large crop of scarlet Cherry-like 

 fruit from early in the (all until after the holi- 

 days. One-year-old, seed-grown plants are more 

 fruitful than older ones, or when grown from 

 cuttings. Sow in the spring for fall bloom, 

 grow in fair-sized pots in the summer, bousing 

 them in September. The soil may be of any 

 kind that is fairly good. -Prom Proceedings of 

 American Florists. 



What Strawberry Plants to Set? 1 would in- 

 sist on securing plants from new vines of one 

 year's growth, and in taking up your plants 

 care should be taken not to break the roots of 

 the plants. A basket should never be used to 

 carry the plants while planting, as the wind dries 

 the roots of the plants much more than when 

 carried in a wooden, or tin pail, and in no case 

 should the roots be allowed to dry. A drizzling 

 or damp day is the best tor planting.— D. JW. Lcc, 

 Brant ('o. Fruit Grtnvers' Association. 



General Care of the Orchard. The ground 

 should be thorougly prepared for an orchard be- 

 fore the trees are set out, as the trees are not 

 likely to do well if this is not done, and the land 

 never gets the attention it should after the 

 trees are set. For a crop the first year Potatoes 

 are the best, followed the second year by Corn. 

 Set the trees thirty feet apart, as this distance is 

 none too far for the best results. Use abundance 

 of stable manure, wood ashes and ground bone. 

 Fruit growers should study the habits of insects 

 and learn how to conquer them.— Maijie Pomo- 

 iogical Society. 



Vineyard Enterprise. The Boycr Diamond 

 Vineyard company, limited, recently organized 

 at Farmer Village, Seneca county, N. Y., have 

 bought a hundred acre tract of the celebrated 

 Buyer farm on Cayuga lake, in the (irape belt of 

 eastern New York. The planting of this Vine- 

 yard, which requires between .50,000 and eO,000 

 vines, will be commenced as soon as the weather 

 permits. The company also obtained options on 

 2« acres ad.ioming land with the intention of 

 planting next year, which will make it the largest 

 vineyard of one variety of Grapes. The location 

 is e.\cellent, along the Lehigh Valley railroad, 

 which furnishes good shipping facilities, and the 

 soil well adapted for growing flue fruit. 



Clover as Source of Nitrogen. On a German 

 experimental vineyard thirty-five pounds of 

 Incarnation Clover seed was sown per acre and 

 Thomas' phosphate added (or mineral fertilizer. 

 The roots of the plants from a small plat were 

 carefully taken up and found to be well covered 

 with tubercles. The gain in nitrogen was esti- 

 mated to be about IIK pounds to the acre, this 

 would have recjuired twenty thousand to twenty- 

 flve thousand pounds of stable manure for the 

 same quantity of nitrogen. The whole cost of 

 getting this crop was about VM marks, while the 

 cost of the stable manure to accomplish an equal 

 result would have been two hundred to three 

 hundred marks.— Prof. Caldwell before the W. 

 N. Y. Hort. Society. 



Summer Roses. Among the best are La France, 

 and, for later, Fisher Holmes or Prince Arthur, 

 the last named seedling from General Jacque- 

 minot, Heinrich Schultheis, and Lady Helen 



Stewart. For white, Merveille de Lyon and 

 Mabel Morrison. Gloirede Lyonaise throws up 

 fine shoots. Madame Victor Verdier is a grand 

 garden Rose. Alfred Colomb is of globular 

 form and high scented. Mme. Isaac Pereire, a 

 Hybrid Bourbon, is a good climbing variety. 

 Earl Dulferin has a full flower and is destined 

 to be one of the best. Marshall P. Wilder is too 

 much like Alfred Colomb. Mme. Montet is a 

 free-flowering variety and of very fine color. 

 Mme. Gabriel Luizet is very desirable (or this 

 purpose. Mrs. .John Laing is almost as free 

 flowering as General Jacqueminot.— J. S. May. 



Eucalyptus in California. Nothing could 

 surpass in attractiveness, in connection with 

 the practical feature of the collection, a well- 

 kept grove o( fifty of the choicest varieties of 

 the Eucalyptus. They grow as if by magic, 

 each day rewarding their owner for the little 

 .iudicious attention bestowed on them. Six years 

 ago, Mr. B. B. Eockwood, of San Pasqual, plant- 

 ed the seed, and last Fourth of July a grand 

 celebration and barbecue was held in the grove 

 of trees eighty feet in height. Groves like this 

 scattered over the hills overlooking San Diego 

 bay would change the desolate aspect of the 

 country and the criticisms of summer tourists. 

 The late Mr. Nadeau, of Los Angeles,le(t a mon- 

 ument more valuable than bronze or marble in 

 his twelve hundred-acre grove of Eucalyptus, a 

 forest of a million giant trees, towering skyward 

 one hundred and fifty feet.— Mrs. Flora M. Elm- 

 ball heforcCounty Hort. Commit ion San Dicgo.Val. 

 Town Societies. Mr. Geo. J. Kellog of Wis- 

 consin tells that local societies are formed here 

 and there through the state with the object of 

 horticultural work, and social and intellectual 

 improvement, membership fee 25 cents, ladies 

 free; these funds to go toward the building up 

 of a circulating library o( the most valuable 

 horticultural periodicals and other publications. 

 A local convention was called by some friends 

 of horticulture at South Wayne in March, and 

 resulted in the organization of such a town 

 society of 42 members the first day. Atten- 

 dance was excellent from first to last. Meetings 

 to be held quarterly or monthly, and a show of 

 fruits and flowers in June, and of Grapes and 

 Apples in September or October. Every town 

 in every state needs just such a society. All it 

 needs is a call, two or three members from the 

 state society to aid; no program. Get together, 

 pass the question box, and you will get in ten 

 minutes work enough for a whole day ; and 

 these practical suggestions are far better than 

 set speeches and long papers. 



Planting Blackberries. Plow as deeply as 

 practicable, and if the subsoil is not naturally 

 porous, follow with a subsoil plow late in the fall, 

 and the following spring harrow it well and levei 

 down with a platform drag. Stake off places for 

 the rows, and along these open deep furrows 

 with a two horse plow, if strong-rooted plants 

 are to be used; but if root cuttings, then with a 

 one-horse plow. Strong-grown and well-rooted 

 suckers are the best. These may be dug in the 

 fall and " neeled in" during the winter, or taken 

 from an old plantation in the early spring and 

 set out at once. In either practice care should 

 be given to protect their roots from drying 

 winds and the sun. Root-cuttings should be 

 made in the (all— using none less than a quarter 

 o( an inch diameter, and from (our to six inches 

 in length, and packed in moist soil or sand, and 

 stored in a cool damp cellar. In early spring set 

 them in the permanent plantation, or in nursery 

 rows. Cultivate one season, and the following 

 spring transplant into rows the same as recom- 

 mended for rooted plants.— Kansas Horticultvral 

 Society. 



Insect Enemies of Hot-house Grapes. First 

 and most fatal of all is the Phylloxera. Then 

 the larvic of the cockchafer, Getouia and other 

 beetles, weevils, wireworms etc. The grub of 

 the cockchafer, though destructive, does little 

 harm now, because it is not in suthcient num- 

 bers. The Cetonia is rare and does little injury. 

 But the weevil {Curculiu vitis), both male aud 

 female is a great pest. It tears the leaves, nips 

 off the young shoots, and in the case of pot-vines 

 honey-combs the soil, filling the cells with fat, 

 curled lar\ie, which in a young state are bluish 

 white, passing into yellow when fully grown, 

 aud assuming a dirty red color in the pupa state. 

 The presence of this insect in a pot is revealed 

 by the leaves turning yellow, the young bunches 

 oftirapes Hag, and unless strong measures are 

 soon applied the plant eventually dies. Preven- 

 tion is the projjer remedy. The soil should be 

 searched for the weevils, but it is often difhcult 



to find them, as they resemble it in color. A 

 good method of catching them is by ordinary 

 Maidenhair Ferns, which act as traps. The 

 weevils like them and get into the crowns to 

 rest, and if a plant is turned upside down and 

 shaken over a piece of white paper every morn- 

 ing, the weevils will drop out should any be 

 present. Decayed Potatoes, Apples, Carrots and 

 the like may also be used as traps for these de- 

 predators with advantage.— Royal Ho7t. Society 

 of England. 



Insects and Fungi Injuring Our 

 Fruits, with RemediesConsidered. 



^E.i'tract of ijaper reail by Prof. S. T. Maunanl be- 

 fore the Massachusetts Horticultural Society.) 



It is seldoin we get a crop of any kind 

 without a valiant fight for it. Fortunately 

 we have learned to feel that we are greater 

 than our foes, and that with each new in- 

 sect or fungus pest soon comes a remedy 

 with which we may protect ourselves. 



The Apple. The codling moth lays its eggs in 

 the blossom end of the Apple soon after the blos- 

 soms fall, and continues to lay them for a period 

 of perhaps two weeks to a month. 



In some seasons and in some sections a second 

 brood of eggs is laid by the perfect insect of the 

 first brood. 



The tent caterpillar and the canker worm feed 

 upon the foliage beginning their work as soon 

 as the leaves unfold, while the Plum curculio 

 feeds upon the foliage and perhaps the (ruit, 

 laying its eggs in the crescent-shaped cut it 

 makes in the skin. 



These pests may all be destroyed by the use of 

 the arsenite, Paris green. 



To accomplish this we must make the applica- 

 tion just as soon as the leaves unfold, to destroy 

 the tent caterpilliar and the canker worm; and 

 as soon as the petals drop, for the codling moth 

 and the curculio. 



These applications must be made at intervals 

 of from one week to twenty days, according to 

 the weather. If there should be no rain after 

 the first application for the tent caterpillar and 

 canker worm, another application will probably 

 not be needed until the one made to destroy the 

 Plum curculio and the codling moth, and then 

 the applications should be made at intervals of 

 from ten to fifteen days until July 1. 



During this time we must also combat the fun- 

 gous growths, which under favorable conditions 

 may begin work very early in the season. The 

 Apple scab is a minute plant that grows upon 

 the surface of the Apple-leaf and fruit, and 

 while not penetrating the tissue very deeply, 

 stops the growth at the point attacked, and wc 

 have the distorted or gnarly Apples resulting 

 from its early attack, or scaby spotted Apples 

 when it appears later in the season. 



Its effect upon the leaf is, if in large numbers, 

 to destroj- the functions, aud it soon (alls, or if 

 only a few are found on a leaf, it simply looks a 

 little yellow, and the whole tree has an unhealthy 

 appearance. The past season it was so abun- 

 dant that those trees that blossomed and set a 

 large crop of fruit were so injured by it that 

 they could not perfect their fruit. 



Upon a large tree in front of the house I oc- 

 cupy, so much of the scab- appeared that the 

 leaves were constantly dropping nearly all 

 summer and the lawn had to be raked several 

 times to get rid o( the litter. 



To destroy this parasite, solutions of copper 

 have been found effectual, either in the form of 

 the Bordeaux mixture, ammonical carbonate of 

 copper, or simple carbonate of copper mixture. 

 While altme the ammoniacal carbonate of cop- 

 per has proved the most effectual. It cannot, 

 however, be used with Paris green or other arse- 

 nites; and if we wish to reduce the cost of the 

 remedy (or both insect and (ungaus pests to the 

 lowest figure (and all know how little margin 

 (or profit we have even when we do not have 

 this difficulty to contend with) we must combine 

 the two remedies and apply both at one single 

 operation. 



With the Bordeaux mixture and with the 

 simple carbonate of copper solutions we can do 

 this without (ear o( injury to the foliage. It 

 has been found by experiments made at several 

 of the State stations that Paris green and cop- 

 per solutions can be used only with lime mix- 

 tures at the i-ate of from one pound to fifty gal- 

 lons of the mixture to one pound to one hun- 

 dred gallons without injury, some even claiming 

 as concentrated as one pound to twenty-five 

 gallons. We also know that neither Paris green 



