I89I. 



POPULAR GARDENING. 



161 



seeds of Mignonette, Candytuft, etc.. in a place from 

 which all the family are free tu cut. Also plant Sweet 

 Feas early and provide with sticks. 



Bulb-beds after the flowering season are liable to 

 become unsii^htly, and should be planted with other 

 flowers wiihuut delay. Take up the Tulips, etc.. heel 

 In somewhere In the shade to ripen, then store in a dry 

 place until fall. 



Cannas need rich soil and plenty of water. Plant 

 out when the ground is warm, also Dahlias, Gladiolus 

 and Rleiuus. 



Evergreens. The most important points In setting 

 these is to protect the roots from exposure to drying, 

 and to Arm the soil well after planting. 



Ferns. Give them a shady or half shady spot, light, 

 well-drained soli, and a liberal supply of water lu a 

 dry time. 



Gladiolus. Plant now, and every two weeks for 

 succession, putting the bulbs three inches or more 

 deep. Arrange colors with taste. Sandy soli suits this 

 flower best. 



Hedges, if well managed, are an ornament to any 

 garden or lawn, but badly managed, an eye sore; and 

 even a disgrace. To form a thick and substantial 

 hedge, a commencement to train must be made from 

 the first year It Is planted. Keep the bottom well sup- 

 plied with growth. Do not. on any account, let It run 

 up to any height until this Is done. Then the plants 

 will thicken, and may be allowed to Increase in height 

 gradually. Thorn hedges should be clipped carefully 

 about the present time. Another important point Is 

 to keep the stems free from weeds. This particularly 

 applies to Thorn hedges. 



Lawn. Mow frequently as needed. Pull up Plant- 

 ains and other weeds. Keep the edges well trimmed 

 and defined. Fill In where needed. New lawns yet 

 to be sown should be seeded with as little delay as 

 possible. 



Morning Glories are among the hardiest climbers 

 to cover stumps, fences and unsightly objects generally, 

 or to form attractive screens. 



Perennials. Clean up the beds, removing dead 

 leaves, rubbish, etc., then stir the soil or apply a light 

 mulch. Plant vacant spaces with annuals or biennial 

 flowering plants. 



Pinks to be started as needed to prevent bloom from 

 injury by rain or wind. 



Phloxes of the annual class are among the finest of 

 border plants, and especially elfectlve In masses. 



Planting Out. Tender growths, like Coleus, Alter- 

 nantheras, Tuberoses, etc., should not be taken out 

 doors too early in northern locations. Geraniums are 

 a little hardier, also Verbenas, Carnations, stocks, etc., 

 and these can soon go out. 



Roses, if well hardened, may now be set out. 



Seedlings of Gloxinias, Tuberous-rooted Begonias 

 and other summer-flowering bulbous plants, already 

 started, may be planted out In the spent hot-beds used 

 for early seedlings, and kept well shaded. 



Walks must be kept scrupulously clean. Nothing 

 detracts more from the looks of the place than weedy 

 and badly defined walks. 



Yuccas need light, rich soil. F. filamentosa is a re- 

 liable and handsome bloomer, while Y. aloifolia and 

 Its variegated variety are very ornamental. 



PLANT CULTURE UNDER GLASS. 



Cactus to be shifted as needed now while they be- 

 gin growth. 



Camellias, after danger from frost is over, to go 

 outside. Water abundantly and springe freely. A 

 somewhat shady and sheltered spot will suit them. 



Chrysanthemums. Keep shifted and in free growth. 

 Syringe daily. For bedding out select strong soil. 



Cinerarias to be kept well supplied with moisture, 

 and guarded against green fly. 



Cyclamens ;are most conveniently summered by 

 placing In a shaded frame, or planted out In open 

 border. 



GloKinias need open and well enriched soil. They 

 like partial shade and a moist atmosphere. 



Orchids, such a? Dendrobiunis, stanhopeas, etc., 

 should not be allowed to suffer from drought. 



Pelargoniums do beat In a rather shady and cool 

 position with plenty of air. 



Propagation. Strike cuttlngaof Trop^eolums, Helio- 

 tropes. Geraniums. Euphorbias, and of otiier plants 

 that will be useful for winter decoration, Including 

 plants with ornamental foliage and for ferneries, also 

 Ivies, etc. 



Shading. To moderate the flerceness of the suu 

 rays, common whitewash or a mixture of whiiing and 

 naptha of the consistency of milk must be applied to 

 the glass. This can be done by means of a syringe. In 

 place of this lath screens may be used. To make them, 

 nail laths one Inch apart to light frames of just such 

 size as desired. Among plants needing shade most, 

 are Dracienas, Ferns, Fuchsias, Camellias, Orchids, 

 Palms, etc. 



Shelf Plants. To economize space, such plants as 

 Lycopodlum, Moneyvine. Othonua, Linarla. Trades- 

 eanthia, etc., can be grown on narrow shelves placed 

 midway between the walk and bottom of the benches. 



Watering must be attended to very carefully. Wet 

 the whole house, walks and walls and all, at least once 

 a day, and then thoroughly. 



FRUIT. GARDEN AND ORCHARD. 



Borers. Injury from this source can be prevented 

 by placing a mound of coal ashes around the body of 

 the tree, or by washing il occasionally with strong 

 soap suds or other alkaline solutions, or diluted car- 

 bolic acid. If borers are once Inside the tree, dig them 

 out and destroy them. 



Berry baskets, crates, etc., should be provided be- 

 fore the time they are needed. Good fruit. In clean, 

 attractive packages Is what pays the grower best. 



Currants. The bearing season can be prolonged by 

 putting a heavy mulch around the bushes. Lookout 

 for the flrst appearance of the worms. Hellebore in 

 water, one tablespoonful of the former to a bucketful 

 of the latter, sprayed on the Infested bushes. Is yet the 

 sovereign remedy. 



CultivatioD, and this clean and thorough, Is needed 

 for all youug orchards. For a few years, such crops 

 as Beans. Cabbages, Potatoes and Corn— but no Wheat 

 or other ordinary grain crops— may be grown between 

 the young trees. 



Grafting may be done, even if the trees are In bloom, 

 provided the clons are dormant. At this time, when a 

 growth has started, some form of crown grafting is 

 preferable to cleft grafting. The buds upon grafts 

 will often start Into growth before there is any union 

 with the stock, growing from the moisture supplies, 

 just as if the dons were placed in water. When union 

 has taken place, the graft should be treated just as if 

 It were a youug tree planted in the soil, pruning, pinch- 

 ing, or otherwise shaping It, and cutting away all 

 branches of the stock that may Interfere with its de- 

 velopment. 



Insects and Diseases. The spraying pump and 

 spraying liquids will ensure a crop In spite of its 

 enemies. We have now learned to kill two birds with 

 one stone. By spraying with a combination lliiuld— 

 Paris green or London purple, or perhaps Hellebore or 

 Tobacco extract In place of the arsenite— we can pre- 

 vent injury from insects as well as fungous diseases. 

 For particulars on thissubject see the article elsewhere 

 in this Issue. 



Planting can yet be done at the north. If trees have 

 already started to grow, careful handling Is needed. 



Strawberries. Cultivate or hoe between the rows' 

 applying any manure or fertilizer to be given them. 

 Then put on a mulch of straw, or bog or swale, or salt 

 hay. In the absence of other material, Cornstalks, 

 laid lengthwise of the rows, will be better than no 

 mulch. Pull up all weeds that push through the mulch. 



VEGETABLE GARDEN. 



Beans. The Llmas may be started in pots or on 

 inserted sods under glass, but should not be planted in 

 open air until ground has become thoroughly warm. 

 The hardier early snap Beans may be planted a w^eek 

 or two before. Be sure and plant some of the bush 

 Llmas. 



Beets. Sow for succession. Thin the young plants 

 from four to eight inches apart. 



Cabbages to be set or sowed in open ground for suc- 

 cession. Cultivate often, and stimulate with fertil- 

 izers if soil Is not sufBcieutly manured . 



Carrots, Use the wheel-hoe freely, and keep the 

 rows scrupulously free from weeds. Thin the young 

 plants to three or four inches apart In the rows. 



Celery. Stimulate the plants In seed bed 10 thrifty 

 growth by applications of nitrate of soda, and by fre- 

 quently stirring she soil between the rows. Most 

 growers make the mistake of leaving plants too thick 

 in the rows. The more space each plant has to grow, 

 up to an inch or two, the better plant it will make. 



Corn may now be planted for earliest use. Cory is 

 good. A good, high-grade, complete fertilizer scattered 

 along the rows has always paid us well. 



Cucumbers may be sown after middleof month at 

 the north. 



Egg Plant. Set in opeu ground toward la'tof the 

 month. The ground should be made very rich. Watch 

 the Potato beetles. 



Hot-beds and Cold Frames, Before setting plants 

 in open ground, they should be thoroughly hardened 

 off by entire removal of the sash, both night and day. 



Kohl Rabi is easily grown, and to most tastes far 

 superior to Turnips. Sow in rows as you would 

 Turnips, and thin to six Inches apart. 



Lettuce. Sow in drills 12 to 15 inches apart, and 

 gradually thin to six or eight apart In the drills. For 

 succession sow again later. 



Melon to be planted at same lime as Cucimiber. 

 Ground should be warm and rich. 



Onions. Set out plants from frames as soon aa large 

 enough and grround ready. Cultivate and weed as 

 neeiled. 



Peas to be sown for succession. We like Little Gem, 

 Bliss' Ever-bearing, Stratagem, Champion of England, 

 and perhaps Perpetual for very late. 



Parsnips. Plant in drills like Carrots,*uslng strictly 

 fresh seed. Thin and hoe as needed. 



Peppers. Plant lu open ground, two feet apart each 

 way, towards end of month. 



Radishes to be sown for succession. 



Squashes need warm soil and season. Plant latter 

 part of month, the bush kinds four feet apart, the 

 nmnlug sorts eight to twelve feet apart each way . 



Thinning. All plants should be thinned to a uniform 

 distance apart when yet quite small. Only In this way 

 can the gardener secure uniformity in size and time of 

 maturity of his vegetables. Plants not needed are not 

 any better than weeds. 



Tomatoes should not be set out in open ground until 

 all danger of late frosts Is past, and the plants have 

 been thoroughly hardened off. 



Weeds are easily kept in check by the early and 

 free use of a good wheel hoe. Give them no quarter; 

 for If you grant them an Inch they will takean ell. 



FRUITS AND VEGETABLES UNDER 

 GLASS. 



Cucumbers. Ventilate freely, but protect at night. 



Figs. After fruit is all gathered, syringe freely to 

 dispose of red spider. Give plenty of air. Top dress 

 with some good compost. 



Grapery. Aim to keep a temperature of about 70 

 degrees during the day and fiO to fi5 degrees at night 

 and atmosphere somewhat dry. Thin berries as 

 needed . 



Pineapples need covering at night, and a moist 

 atmosphere. Sprinkle walls and walks. A day tem- 

 perature of 95 degrees, and night temperature of 70 to 

 75 degrees is just about right. 



Strawberries aftcrfrulting to be removed out doors. 



Tomatoes. Give free ventilation, but protect at 

 night. 



THE POULTRY YARD. 



A Secluded Place for Neste. Set nests facing 



wall, with just enough room to pass between 

 nest and wall. 



Hens ToUowing Plow. Always turn the poul- 

 try on the freshij'-plowed fields whenever the 

 work of plowing is being done, if possible. 

 They will enjoy it greatly, as well as find many 

 morsels that could not otherwise be obtained.— 

 Western Garden. 



Nest Eggs. No need of buying China or medi- 

 cated eggs for nest eggs. Select some large eggs. 

 With a point of a pen knife make a small hole in 

 small end of egg and a larger one in the larger 

 end. Hlow out the contents and fill with three 

 heaping tablespoonf uls of plaster of Paris, mixed 

 with just enough water to have it pour. 



Egg-sucking Do?. The Farm Journal men- 

 tions " a sure cure." An ordinary steel trap was 

 set and placed where a nest was located, and an 

 egg nut in it. The dog found the egg, and the 

 trap nung to him until the owner came and re- 

 leased him. Again the trap was set and the dog 

 caught. That settled it. The dog let eggs 

 severely alone after that. 



Eggs for Hatching. Eggs sometimes hatch 

 when over four weeks old, but it is always safer 

 to use fresh eggs— the fresher the better. Eggs 

 from fowls that have unlimited range, and are 

 obliged to scratch for most of their living, usually 

 give the stronarest chicks. Don't use eggs for 

 setting that are laid by over-fed or over-fat 

 fowls, or fowls kept closely confl'ned. 



"Why Eg|?s do Not Hatch. The complaints 

 about eggs not hatching well, and the weak and 

 puny 'products from settings of eggs, might be 

 lessened if breeders would take a more sensible 

 view of the condition of their breeding fowls 

 before laying. Usually in such cases there is 

 something radically wnmg in breeding, feeding, 

 care or environment. A constitutionally sound 

 bird, properly bred, fed and cared for, will, as a 

 rule, possess potent qualities.- Ex. 



Poultry Diseases. For cholera, a strong solu- 

 tion of hyposulphite of soda, given three times a 

 day, in teaspoonful doses, is probably the best 

 remedy we have. For gapes, dip a feather in 

 turpentine and insert into the windpipe. For 

 scaly legs dip them in kerosene two or three 

 times. For preventing packing of the crop, a 

 little sulphur should he mixed with the food once 

 a week in winter. This also prevents irregulari- 

 ties of the bowels, caused by over-eating and 

 constant production of eggs.— Am. Agriculturist. 



Feed for Chicks. The flrst feeding may be of 

 rolled Oats rubbed between the hands to crumble 

 it. The Oats are ready prepared, and can be had 

 of any grocer. Feed this to the chicks dry. Stale 

 bread moistened with milk may be given. On 

 the third day vary the food by giving the rolled 

 Oats one meal and the prepared cake the next. 

 The prepared cake is made by using e<iual parts 

 of bran, ground Corn and Oats and middlings, 

 which should be salted to season it, intimately 

 mixed, and cooked in a pan in the stove oven. 

 Sift the Corn and Oats tlrst, and feed the coarse 

 parts to the fowls. If fresh milk can be had, the 

 food may be mixed with it before cooking; if 

 not, use water. Crumble the cake fine when 

 feeding. Feed dry. (iround meat is sometimes 

 used for chicks. But too much of it causes 

 bowel disease Cook a piece of lean meat to 

 pieces and feed twice a week. After the first 

 week any kind of food, such as mashed Potatoes, 

 cooked Turnips, crumbled bread of any kind, or 

 any wholesome food will be of advanta*ge. After 

 ten days the rolled Oats may be omitted and 

 Wheat one day and cracked Corn the next day 

 may be used. Feed at regular hours. After 

 weeks the cake may be omitted, the food being 

 scalded instead, but the rjuantity of bran should 

 be reduced one-half. Hran if cooked well or 

 scalded makes good food.— P. H. Jacobs. 



