1 86 



POPULAR GARDENING. 



June, 



child, Mabel Morrison, Marquise de Castel- 

 lane, Madame Boll, Marguerite de St. 

 Amande, etc., are as yet almost indispens- 

 able, but no nurseryman would long grow 

 them from cuttings. There is another class 

 of Roses often advantageously grown by 

 budding, these are varieties of moderate 

 growth like A. K. Williams, Horace Vernet, 

 Madame Victor Verdier, Mademoiselle 

 Eugenia Verdier, Marie Baumann, Xavier 

 Olibo, etc. All these kinds are invigorated 

 by being worked on some strong stock, like 

 the Manetti. A third advantage of budded 

 Roses is for use as stock plants, and also 

 for forcing. Budded plants of many kinds 

 (not the Jacqueminot type) can be taken up 

 in October or November, and with ordinary 

 treatment will give as fine a crop of flowers 

 as plants of the same varietie.s which have 

 been grown all the summer in pots at mucb 

 more expense and labor. I would not ad- 

 vise any reader to purchase budded Roses 

 who cannot tell, by the wood, the difference 

 between Persian Yellow and General 

 Jacqueminot, between Marie Baumann and 

 Salet — indeed, amateurs who cannot do this 

 do not deserve to have Roses at all, for they 

 would not be able to distinguish between 

 the shoots of the Manetti suckers and their 

 Louis Van Houtte or Victor Vernier (al- 

 though the Manetti is most distinct from 

 all other Roses). 



Many kinds of stocks have been tried on 

 which to bud Roses, as the Brier, the 

 Grifferaie, etc., but for general use we very 

 greatly prefer the Manetti. The Stocks are 

 planted in nursery rows, about 3 feet be- 

 tween the rows, and 6 or 8 inches apart; in 

 July and August the buds are inserted; the 

 lower the buds can be put in the better, as 

 the liability to send up suckers is thereby 

 greatly diminished, and opportunity is also 

 afforded the plant of being ultimately es- 

 tablished on its own roots. 



Propagation by Grafting. This is a profit- 

 able mode to pursue when done in winter 

 under glass, using plants of Manetti or 

 Brier grown in pots for the purpose. Graft- 

 ing Roses on the root cannot be made profit- 

 able, as such a large percentage fail to grow. 

 Stock grafting is carried on in England and 

 elsewhere with great success, and although 

 the plants are not so desirable (owing to the 

 grafts being of necessity some distance 

 above the roots) as those propagated by the 

 other methods, it affords nurserymen an 

 opportunity of more (luickly securing a 

 stock of new sorts, and also is advantageous 

 as an aid in producing more vigorous plants 

 of such varieties as Niphetos than can pos- 

 sibly be obtained from cuttings. 



Propagation by Layering was once prac- 

 ticed to considerable extent, but it is a slow 

 method, and is now but little used. Good 

 plants can be obtained in this way of Per- 

 sian Yellow and some other varieties which 

 do not strike from cuttings, and it is the 

 only method by which certain kinds can be 

 produced on their own roots. Besides the 

 methods spoken of, Roses are also produced 

 from seed, but this is only done where it is 

 proposed to secure stocks, as seedling 

 Briers, or for obtaining new varieties. 



Hogs and Arsenites in Orchards. 



In ca.se of the codling caterpillars, many 

 leave the fruit before it falls, and so hogs in 

 the orchard will not get them. More than 

 this— the Apple is destroyed, or goes to worm 

 and hogs, which when the crop is light is 

 not to our liking. Again, sometimes hogs 

 (and sheep even more) injure the trees by 

 stripping off the bark. In case of the can- 

 kerworra, the hogs cannot climb and attack 

 the insects while the latter are at work eat- 

 ing the foliage or burls in May; the liogs eat 

 only these insects after they have destroyed 

 the foliage and gone into the earth. For 

 fighting the Apple maggot, hogs are, by all 

 odds, best: only here we must see that they 



get all the affected Apples before the mag- 

 gots pass to the ground to pupate. 



Spraying with the arsenites (Paris-green 

 or London-purple) is by far the best means 

 to conquer the "Apple worms." We also 

 at the same time destroy several small 

 caterpillars that eat the buds and tender 

 leaves and do much injury. But we should 

 never spray while the trees are in bloom- 

 If cankerworms are eating the buds, we 

 may spray before the blossoms open, then 

 wait till the blossoms fall; this is the best 

 time to destroy the insects and does no in- 

 jury to trees. It is a great wrong to spray 

 at time of bloom, and our Legislatures must 

 recognize^this fact and enact laws to punish 

 heavily any who violate the rights of bee- 

 keepers by poisoning the bees. — Projcssor 

 A. J. Cook, in TriJntne. 



A Talk on Watering Plants. 



H. W, SBUTH, BATON ROUGE, LA. 



This is one of the most important opera" 

 tions connected with the culture of plants' 

 and it is one that is least understood. Many 

 conceive that they have done'.all that is re- 

 quired if they merely moisten the surface of 

 the soil sufficiently to lay the dust. Water 

 is essential to the life of the plant; it is by 

 the means of water that its nutriment is 

 conveyed to it, and the plant itself is almost 

 composed of water. Nothing in a solid con- 

 dition can entice the roots of the plant to be 

 employed by it in the building up of its 

 structure, everything must be dissolved in 

 the water which it absorbs through the roots. 



A very much greater quantity of moisture 

 is absorbed by plan tsjthanls really required, 

 and the excess is evaporated through the 

 leaves of the plant. When the water is 

 evaporated from the leaves faster than the 

 roots can absorb it from the earth, the plant 

 droops and wilts; and if water be now sup- 

 plied it will generally recover, but it may 

 exhibit signs of the ill-treatment which it 

 has experienced throughout the rest of its 

 lite. Plants do not, as is popularly believed, 

 absorb water through their leaves, but the 

 whole of the water is aborbed through their 

 roots. The reason why plants are refreshed 

 through the night is owing to the fact that 

 the air is loaded with moisture, which is de- 

 posited as dew; hence, evaporation of water 

 from the leaves of the plant are checked 

 for the time being. 



No rule can be laid down for the guidance 

 of the amateur as to the proper time for 

 watering of plants; this can only be learned 

 from observation. It will soon be perceived 

 that some plants must be given more water 

 than others; that plants of the same kind 

 growing in different positions will require 

 water in varying portions. Plants>xposed 

 to the full power of the sun will need much 

 more water than those growing in the shade. 

 Plants are growing very rapidly also require 

 abundant supplies of water; and plants that 

 have been recently transplanted will require 

 to be watered very frequently. 



More plants are destroyed through errors 

 of watering than any other cause. They are 

 at times allowed to become thoroughly dried 

 and are then drenched with water, and the 

 reaction is such that the thirsty plant suc- 

 cumbs to it. The surest way to keep pot 

 plants healthy, is to look them over several 

 times during the day, and if any of them are 

 observed to need watering, to give them a 

 thorough soaking, and this is accomplished 

 when the water finds its way out at the bot- 

 tom of the pot. 



In some cases the soil in the pot is kept in a 

 sodden condition, which affects the plants 

 as badly as when it is allowed to become 

 over dry. The soil in the pot becomes sour 

 and the roots of the plant rot, and the plant 

 itself becomes sickly and finally dies. It is a 

 good plan to tap the pots with the knuckles 

 before watering, and if a hollow sound is 



emitted, to water, but should the sound be 

 solid not to water until the next time. 



Sometimes when water has been applied 

 to a plant, vase or hanging-basket in drib- 

 lets, the soil in the center of the pot becomes 

 completely dried, and the water runs down 

 between the soil and the pot. In such cases 

 the plant fails to thrive, and if on examina- 

 tion it is found to be as stated, the best 

 remedy is to stand the plant in a tub of 

 water until the soil has become thoroughly 

 soaked. When it occurs in a large box or 

 tub, the best plan is to pierce holes with an 

 iron bar for thepurpose of holding the water. 



When watering shrubs, fruit trees or 

 flowers in the garden, a thorough soaking 

 should be given, and the water should not 

 be poured down at the stem of plant only, 

 but all round for a considerable distance. 

 When watering fruit trees a good plan is 

 to take the hoe and make a basin around the 

 tree large enough to hold the water that it 

 is intended to give it, and to pour the water 

 into the basin. When the water has all 

 soaked away this basin was filled up again 

 with the dry earth that was taken out of it. 

 This earth will serve as a mulch, and so 

 prevent the rapid evaporation of the moist- 

 ure. After every watering in the kitchen 

 garden the hoe should be used next day, for 

 watering causes the ground to bake, and it 

 must also be remembered that the same 

 means that are found so beneficial to make 

 our flowers and vegetables grow have the 

 same stimulating power for the weeds. 



A rapid way of watering vegetables when 

 the proper means are not at hand, is to place 

 a couple of oil barrels in a cart, and then 

 with a spraying pump and a length of hose 

 to go to work. This is much handier than 

 carrying the water in watering cans. 



Anthkacnose on Tomato Stems. This disease 

 has invaded the frames of one of our friend?, 

 and nearly destroyed his Tomato plants this year. 

 Point of attack is the portion next to the ground. 

 The Department of Agriculture, Division of 

 Vegetable Pathology, writes us that the disease 

 has never been known on the stems of Tomatoes. 



A Fine Rose is the Gloria de Lyonaise. It 

 flowei-ed for me for the Hrst time last sprini;, 

 and I And it the most satisfactory bloomer I 

 have, lioth in beauty of form and color it 

 stands at the head among all my Hose varieties, 

 about thirty in number.— Gront McNeil, Ohio. 



Paris green in water is my remedy for Squash 

 bugs and other bugs that trouble our vines. A 

 quarter-teaspoontui of the green is enough for 

 a bucketful of water. Spray the vines every 

 four or five days.— Hugh P. Wilmn, iaiiada. 



The Mehkel Uaspbeury. Plant received 

 from John F. Itupp, Pa., who says It does not 

 sucker, and consequently is difficult to propa- 

 gate. The tree-like bush is an immense bearer, 

 and the berries firm and of excellent quality, 

 with somewhat of a Currant flavor. 



Hazelnuts in the United States. While it 

 may be true, as Pomologist Van Deman says, that 

 there is not a pound of Filberts in any of the 

 stores of the United States that has not been 

 imported, yet wild Hazelnuts, identical in ap- 

 pearance with those sold at stores, and equally 

 as tine, are gathered by our children from shrubs 

 growing in the branch bottoms all through 

 North Alabama and Tennessee. Might these not 

 be brought under cultivation, and perhaps im- 

 proved?— O. Chixholm, Ala. 



A Simple Strawuerry Planter ipage 151), 

 We, and most of our neighbors, use an ordinary 

 spade in setting Strawberries. Neither can I see 

 much chance for improvement on this imple- 

 ment for the same purpose. One person puts 

 the spade down into the soil where the plant is 

 wanted, and by pressing first slightly from him- 

 self, then back towards himself, or if necessary, 

 by a wriggling motion, an o|)ening is made into 

 which another person (a youngster will do for 

 this) puts a plant, spreading the roots well A 

 push with the foot, and perhaps a vigorous kick 

 with the heel, on the part of the man with the 

 spade, finishes the ,1ob. With the help of a 

 nimble-fingered boy. I can easily set between 

 two and three thousand plants in halt a day, 

 provided the ground is fairly well prepared.- 

 Eugene Carhart, Wayne Co., N. Y. 



