I89I. 



POPULAR GARDENING. 



247 



places. In repotting, keep the crown of the plant well 

 above the soil, and do not let the aoll get Into It, as It 

 may cauae rot. It Is better not to wat«r the leaves, for 

 the same reason. If the pots get full of roots, repot 

 Into four or Ave Inch pots. They should begin to bloom 

 lu November and continue uutll spring. 



Roses for Windows. Rich, light soil Is a requisite, 

 and in potting It should be firmly pressed among the 

 roots; this firming of soils is wonderfully beneficial to 

 health and vigor. A little boned^'st Incorporated with 

 the potting soil increases growth and bloom. A fre- 

 quent mistake is in using pots too large; if large 

 enough to hold the roots without unnatural cramping 

 there will be enough space for new growth, and the 

 plant will bloom far better. As a rule Roses In bloom- 

 ing condition are averse to strong, dry heat. A rather 

 cool room, with plenty of sunlight, is what Roses de- 

 light In, with a sprinkling over the foliage dally. 

 Extremes in watering should be avoided; frequent 

 deluging the soil and neglect are equally productive of 

 disease. Water only when the soil Is In need of it, 

 then do It thoroughly. If the green-fly or aphis is 

 permitted to remain on a plant it will soon become 

 worthless; smoking with the fumes of Tobacco, or 

 even syringing with Tobacco solution, will prove 

 efficacious. 



LAWN AND FLOWER GARDEN. 



Bulbs. Spring-flowering bulbs, such as Tulips. Hya 

 cinths. Narcissus, Crocus and several others, should be 

 planted as soon as they can be obtained . If merely 

 effects of color are desired, and names are not Import- 

 ant, " assorted " bulbs may be obtained at a very low 

 rate at wholesale. As a general rough rule for out- 

 door bulbs, put them as far below the surface of the 

 soil as the thickness of the bulb, placing them as tar 

 apart as the bulbs are wide. For those to bloom In the 

 greenhouse or window, use light, rich soil; If not open 

 add an abundance of sand. See that the pots are well 

 drained. Invert a small flower pot over the bulb, 

 water, place the pots In the cellar, In a pit, or under a 

 shed, and cover well with coal ashes. 



General Directions. Frosts can be looked for to- 

 wards latter part of the month. Be in readiness for 

 taking care of the tender plants. After frost remove 

 all plants destroyed and rendered unsightly. Mow 

 the lawn regularly to the end of the growing season. 



Gladiolus. In taking up choice named varieties. 

 carefully save the bulblets of the size of Peas or up- 

 wards. They should be dried off and placed In paper 

 bags— large and small together— with labels, and stored 

 in a dry room free from frost. Support the spikes of 

 plants In bloom. Remove fading flowers. 



Petunias, if cut back about the middle of the month, 

 will produce good cuttings for propagation. 



Vases and Hangine Baskets. Protect these during 

 the first frosty nights, and they may do service for 

 some time yet. 



Propagation of Shrubs by Cuttings All that is 

 necessary to insure success are three things— a cold 

 f riune, suitable soli and the right sort of cuttings. A 

 frame nine inches to one foot high at the front, with a 

 corresponding height at the back to allow of a rather 

 sharp pitch to the front, will sulBce. The best cut- 

 tings are shoots of the current year's growth that have 

 become partly ripened, ranging In length from two 

 Inches to Ave Inches, according to the variety, and be 

 made firm In the soil from one inch to two inches 

 deep. Care should be exercised that the base of the 

 cutting rests firmly on the bottom of the hole, and the 

 soli pressed very closely about It, making Ihe cut- 

 tings quite firm. A gentle watering with a flne- 

 rosed water pot will settle the soli about the cuttings 

 firmly. Shade must be given to the frame If the sun 

 shines upon it powerfully. 



Pelargoniums. Keep the plants in coolest part of 

 house, and water rather sparingly. 



Roses in pots for winter flowering to be sliifted be- 

 fore they become pot bound. See also under house 

 plants. 



Violets. Lift and pot, or plant into frames tor win- 

 ter blooming. Ventilate freely. 



FRUIT GARDEN AND ORCHARD. 



Apples. Early fruit seems to be very abundant. 

 Gather as soon as It shows signs of ripening. Sell In 

 local market as much as possible. Any surplus will 

 come handy for hogs, horses, cattle, sheep, etc. All 

 fruit suitable tor the purpose should be evaporated. 

 There will be a good demand for all that can be pro- 

 duced. Late winter fruit will not be overabundant. 

 Save and utilize all. 



Blackberries now need but little attention. 



Ourranls. Cuttings can now be made. Use the 

 young wood, making the cuttings six or eight inches 

 long. Plant at once In good loam, somewhat slanting, 

 and deep enough that the top bud will be Just even 

 with the surface of ground. 



Gooseberries. Hill up the bushes quite high, if 

 layers are wanted, or cuttings may be made and treated 

 as directed for Currants. The layering process, how- 

 ever. Is the surest mode of propagation. 



Grapes will be abundant. Not a cluster should be 

 gathered and marketed until after it has fully mattired, 

 and will tempt the buyer to buy more. Work your 

 local market for all it Is worth. Growers will have 

 need of every market that can be developed. 



Marketing Requisites. Make early provisions tor 

 the needed barrels au^^ packages. Gather fruit in 

 proper season, grade carefully, put up in neat, new. 

 clean packages, and thus do all your part toward se- 

 curing good prices. 



Pears to be gathered as soon as approaching ma- 

 turity. The right stage is easily told by the readiness 

 of the stem to separate from the twig when the Pear 

 Is gently raUed upwards. Gather in time, and finish 

 the ripening process in the house, or on the way to 

 market. 



Planting Trees. When ground is well prepared, 

 and the planting can be done In good season, it will be 

 perfectly safe to set out Apple and Pear trees. For the 

 stone fruits, especially the more tender Peach, we 

 would greatly prefer spring planting for this latitude. 



Strawberries. If new beds are to be established this 

 fall, plant In well prepared ground as soon as possible. 

 The beds planted last spring will need little attention 

 this month If well attended to until now. 



PLANT CULTURE UNDER GLASS. 



Acacias need plenty of water at the roots. 



Begonias ready to bloom to be given occasional doses 

 of liquid manure and a light, sunny situation towards 

 end of month. 



Carnations to be lifted and potted, or planted out on 

 benches. Stake as required. 



Caladiums. After growth has ceased remove to a 

 frame, and reduce supply of heat and moisture grad- 

 ually. 



Ohrysanthemums. Lift and pot the plants that 

 were beilded out. When well rooted, give liquid ma- 

 nure (lulte frequently. Show plants need especial care 

 In staking and tying. 



Cinerarias to be watered with great care. Gradually 

 reduce amount of shade. 



Chinese Primulas. Treat as directed for Cinerarias. 



Crotons and Dracenas to be repotted as needed. 

 Syringe occasionally . 



General Directions. Syringe the houses occasion- 

 ally. Ventilate freely In all favorable weather. Re- 

 move dead and decaying foliage. Replenish and put in 

 oi-der window-boxes, hanging-baskets, ferneries and 

 the like before colli weather sets lu, that the plants 

 may become established. Window bojrs may lie tilled 

 with Holland bulbs, and If properly arranged, produce 

 a satisfactory effect. When potted, the bulbs are to 

 be kept In a cool, dark place until they have become 

 well rooted. All greenhouse plants to be brought in 

 and arranged before the approach of cool weather. 

 Have all pots washed, and plants requiring it, neatly 

 staked and tied. 



FRUITS AND VEGETABLES UNDER 

 GLASS. 



Figs to be kept well watered until fruit Is ripe. 

 Afterwards gradually reduce amount of water. 



Grapes. The wood lu earliest houses will soon lie 

 mature. When leaves fall, prune, clean oft and lay 

 down. Keep house cool, then clean and repair, also 

 paint the wood work. Free airing is es.sential lu inter- 

 mediate houses. In the late houses, as fruit ripens, 

 maintain a dry atmosphere, and an average night 

 temperature of about 6 1 degrees. After the fruit has 

 ripened, keep house cool, dry and airy. 



Lettuce may now be sown to be placed in frames or 

 cool greenhouses. It will head before winter. 



Parsley. For wlater use, set some plants lu frames. 



VEGETABLE GARDEN. 



Asparagus. Do not allow the tops to be cut for dec- 

 orative purposes to any great extent: as long as they 

 remain gr fen they are necessary to nourish next seas- 

 on's crop. Yet no seeds should be allowed to be scat- 

 tered over the land, as the young plants would become 

 worse than weeds. Remove seed-bearing stalks before 

 seeds drop. New beds can be started now. Apply 

 coarse manure to the bed whenever it can be spared, 

 but be sure to get it on before winter. 



Beans. Gather as soon as ripe, and store in dry, 

 airy places. 



Cabbage- Keep the ground stirred among the late 

 Cabbages. The green worm is easily destroyed by 

 dusting with buhach. 



Cauliflower. Treat as directed for Cabbages. Pro- 

 vide some sort of covering to the forming heads, by 

 pinning or tying some ol the leaves over them. 



Celery- stimulate growth by cultivation, hoeing 

 and perhaps applications or nitrate of soda. Handle 

 for early use . 



Oucnmbers to be picked at least every other day. 

 Cut oft the fruit rather than pull It oft. 



Greens. Sow Kale or Gennau Greens and Spinach. 

 When large enough thin, an<l allow the rest to remain 

 until spring. In cold localities protect with straw t)r 

 litter. 



Hot-beds and Cold Frames to be cleaned up and 

 gotten ready tor use. 



Egg Plant. Keep the patch tree from weeds. Market 

 the fruit. 



Market Tomatoes, Peppers, Lima Beans, Eggplants, 

 Melons, Cucumbers, Pickles, etc. 



Melons. Gather those too late to ripen, and use tor 

 mangoes or stuffed pickles. Place a .shingle or wisp of 

 straw under them to hasten their ripening. 



Onions. Harvest, cure and sell at earliest oppor- 

 tunity. Sow plants for wintering over and spring 

 setting. 



Plants to Winter Over. In raising plants to prick 

 out In cold frames to winter uutll spring, our most 

 successful gardeners make two sowings— one on the 

 isth anil the other on the iith of September, trusting 

 that sowing at one or the other of these dates will give 

 plants of the right size. The pricking out is done in 

 November. 



Peppers to be gathered before frost. Some of the 

 plants may be handled In same way as described for 

 Tomatoes. 



Tomatoes. The large green worm will continue to 

 eat as long as there is foliage. Pick off and kill. Se- 

 cure green Tomatoes for pickling before frost. The 

 half-ripe Tomatoes yet on the vines, when frost 

 threatens, should be gathered and placed in a green- 

 house or in a sunny window. Some plants may be 

 pulled up by the roots and hung up in a shed or barn, 

 where safe from freezing. Here the larger .'peoimens 

 will continue to ripen. 



Turnips. Watch the young plants and drive off flea 

 beetle by applications of plaster, bonedust, or still 

 better. Tobacco dust. 



Weeds. Pull up all stray weeds that threaten to 

 seed the garden. Allow none to escape, and the flght 

 agal St weeds will become easier from year to year. 



THE POULTRY YARD. 



Applies also to Large Farms and Tree Fruits, 



On small farius, pdultry and small fruit gruvr'mg 

 can Ix- oomliincd tu fidoil advantage. 



Animal Food Animal meal, egg food aud con- 

 dition powdei'S may have their places, but when 

 worms, bugs and grasshoppers ai-e plentiful, ar- 

 tiflcial acids are out of place. Let the hen follow 

 the plow or garden forli and tbey will bardly 

 look, even, at tlie best Wheat. 



Wheat Makes Eggs. Wheat is an excellent 

 grain tor laying hens and growing chicks, not to 

 be fed alone or continually, for it is then very 

 injurious. With a variety and in a proportion- 

 ate amount to the number of hens kept, it is un- 

 questionably tlie best grain that poultry can be 

 ted. (jrain is essential at all seasons, but the 

 kind and quantity to be fed must be regulated 

 by the season ot tne year. 



Poultry Bnildinga. Fall is a good time to erect 

 your new buildings. A location exposed to the 

 south is considered advantageous, f(jr the sun of 

 tlie morning gets on the building and after a 

 cold winter night bi'ings delight and comfort to 

 the huddling Hock within. It should always be 

 kept in mind, to keep witliin a pen ,iust half the 

 number of birds the sp.ice will accommodate. 

 The results of crowding poultry are sad. 



Fresh Nests in Cool Places At this time of the 

 year the temi.>erature in a low, crowded hen- 

 house is otteu unbearable during the middle of 

 the day; bence liens abandon their accustomed 

 nests in the building, and make nests in brush- 

 piles, clusters of weeds and briars, and all sorts 

 of unlocked lor places, wliere the laying fowl 

 finds it cooler and more comfortable. Provide 

 your fowls with fresh nests in comfortable quar- 

 ters, and you will not lose so many eggs at this 

 season. 



Feed More Bran and Less Corn, A mess of bran 

 is always beneficial. Bran contains more phos- 

 phates and mineral matter than ground grain, 

 and it also assists in regulating the bowels, es- 

 pecially when a small quantity ot Linseed meal 

 is given with it. but in the summer season a mess 

 three times a week may be allowed only. It may 

 he fed by scalding it and feeding it in a trough, 

 or it raav he sprinkled over Potatoes or Tui-nips, 

 cooked.' No other grain food need be given if 

 bran is used in the summer season, it the fowls 

 have a range. In tact, no gi'ain is necessary at 

 all; but should such food be given, let it be bran. 

 Farm and Fireside. 



Buying Pure-Bred Stock. Now, that the breed- 

 ers are overstocked, is the time to buy from 

 them. Never buy pure breeds of fowls iu the 

 spring, as they are then scarce an"" prices are 

 high. It is almost impossible to procure pullets 

 ill the spring, as the nia.iority of poultrymen sell 

 off nearly all of their surplus before winter 

 comes on, in order to avoid keeping them and to 

 secure plenty of room for their regular breeding 

 stock; hence, they will sell at a leductiou from 

 now to December. It is a rule to buy eggs in the 

 spring and fowls in the fall. The cheapest plan 

 is to buy the fowls, as they will enable you to be- 

 come well stocked the first season, and if pro- 

 cured now the cost will be materially lessened.— 

 P. H. Jacobs in Farm and Fireside. 



Pickings, Don't permit the water from the 

 manure pile to drain under your poultry house; 

 it you do you will be sure to regret it. Damp- 

 ness ot any kind is not tolerated with a healthy 

 tloek ot fowls. Kowls, like pigs, are fond of 

 milk. Sour milk is considered the best, and 

 brings on laying it given them daily, summer 

 and winter. Many fanciers have a surplus of 

 milk, and the pigs get all ot it. Try dividing a 

 portion, un4 let the hens la on the quiet; they 

 will soon show whether it heiiefits their geueral 

 health. AW farmers should keep pure-bred 

 poultry: there is no economy or profit in com- 

 mon barnyard stock. Thc.\ eat no more, and 

 certainly a thinking farmer prefers the blooded 

 fowl. A good farm and good stock are in har- 

 mony with each other.— Am. Agriculturist. 



